摘要
四海首见于《灵枢·海论》篇,其曰:"人有髓海,有血海,有气海,有水谷之海,凡此四者,以应四海也。"四海是水谷、气、血、髓的汇聚之处,其以水谷之海为源,以气海为原动力、以血海为通路,滋养血脉、以髓海作为主宰,共同参与十二经水气血之运行,同时四者相互为用,以维持人体正常的生命活动,是经络系统的一个重要组成部分。其中胃为水谷之海,其输上在气街,下至三里;冲脉为十二经之海,其输上在大杼,下出巨虚之上下廉;膻中为气之海,其输上于柱骨之上下,前在于人迎;脑为髓海,其输上在其盖,下在风府。四海为之病,主要表现为有余和不足。有余者,当邪气盛实也,不足者,乃精气夺、元气虚衰也,治疗上应遵循"审守其俞,而调其虚实,无犯其害,顺者得复,逆者必败"的治疗原则。针灸治病必不离四海,故文章以《灵枢》为基础,从四海的定义、内在联系、生理功能、输注部位、病理表现、治疗原则以及与其相关的理论进行总结和探讨,以期"四海学说"能更好地应用于针灸理论和临床之中。
The first of the four seas is found in the chapter Lingshu·Sea Theory,which states:“Man has a sea of marrow,a sea of blood,a sea of air,and a sea of valleys.All these four are in line with the four seas.”The four seas are the gathering place of water and food,Qi,blood and marrow.They take the sea of water and food as the source,the sea of Qi as the driving force,the sea of blood as the channel,nourishing the blood vessels,and the sea of marrow as the master.They participate in the operation of water and food,Qi and blood of the twelve meridians.At the same time,the four interact to maintain the normal life activities of the human body.They are an important part of the meridian system.Among them,the stomach is the sea of water and food,and its transportation is from Qijie to Sanli.Chong meridian is the sea of twelve meridians,its output is Dazhu in the upper and upper and lower Lian of Juxu.Danzhong is the sea of Qi,which is transported above and below the column bone,and the front is Renying.The brain is the sea of marrow,its input is its cover in the upper and Fengfu in the lower.Diseases of four seas are mainly excess and deficiency.In the treatment,we should follow the therapeutic principle of“observing Qi,regulating Qi and regulating its defi⁃ciency and excess,avoiding its harm,recovering those who follow the rules,and losing those who follow the rules”.Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment is inseparable from the four seas,and so based on Lingshu,this paper summarized and discussed the definition,internal relations,physiological functions,infusion sites,pathological manifestations,treatment principles and related theories of the four seas,hoping that the“four seas theory”can be better applied to acupuncture and moxibustion theory and clini⁃cal practice.
作者
童艳
瞿巧钰
王笑笑
白良川
周美启
周雅
吴生兵
TONG Yan;QU Qiaoyu;WANG Xiaoxiao;BAI Liangchuang;ZHOU Meiqi;ZHOU Ya;WU Shengbing(Wuxi Xinwu District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Wuxi 214026,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Xin′an Medicine,Ministry of Education,Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230038,Anhui,China;College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230038,Anhui,China;Bozhou Institute of Chinese Medicine,Anhui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Bozhou 236800,Anhui,China;Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 200437,China)
出处
《辽宁中医杂志》
CAS
2021年第9期188-191,共4页
Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金(81674058,81273858)
安徽省中医药领军人才建设项目(ZYYLJRC201911)
安徽中医药大学探索性科研项目(2016TS092)
关键词
四海学说
根结标本
针灸临床
经络理论
four seas theory
root and secondary causes
clinical acupuncture and moxibustion
meridian theory
作者简介
童艳(1994-),女,安徽六安人,硕士研究生,研究方向:经脉脏腑相关;通讯作者:吴生兵(1977-),男,安徽铜陵人,研究员,研究硕士生导师,研究方向:针炙经络腧穴基础与应用研究,E-mail:wsb922@126.com。
