摘要
政区沿革数据库可以利用GIS作为辅助手段搭建,这样的数据库有两种描述方式,一是时间截面描述法,一是生存期记录描述法。1934年版《中华民国新地图》是民国时期民用地图最高质量的代表,将其扫描、配准之后提取图上的政区信息,即为某一时间截面的政区数据库。但研究发现,该地图所反映的政区时间断限不严,政区信息准确性上也有不少疏漏。地图反映的时间大致集中在1928—1933年。省级行政单位方面漏绘上海、青岛和西京3个院辖市,威海卫行政区和东省特别行政区;误标琼崖特别行政区;未标示广西省省会。县级行政单位方面漏绘10个省辖市、3个县、2个设治局、1个对汛督办;误绘7个县级行政单位;另有10个县级治所符号绘制有误。所以,时间截面政区数据库的真正实现,需要在数据库中更正上述错漏,辅以历史政区地理的研究手段,将所有政区的时间断限统一到一个年份。
The database of administrative region evolution can be built using GIS as an auxiliary means.There are two description methods for database construction,one is to describe the whole by time sections,the other is to record the time series of specific units.The New Atlas of Republic of China represents the highest quality of civil cartography in Republic of China.After scanning and geo-referencing,the information of administrative region on the map,which is the administrative region database of a certain time section,is extracted.However,the time limit of the administrative region represented in the map is not strict,and there are also many inaccuracies regarding the information of administrative regions.The time period reflected in the atlas mainly lasts from 1928 to 1933.In terms of Provincial-level administrative units,Shanghai,Qingdao and Xijing were omitted,so were Weihaiwei Administrative Region and Dongsheng Special Administrative Region;whereas Qiongya Special Administrative Region was Mislabeled;the capital of Guangxi Province was not marked.As to the county-level administrative units,10 cities under the jurisdiction of provincial governments were omitted,so were three counties,two administrative bureaus,and one supervise office of Duxun;seven administrative units at the county level were misdrawn;another ten county-level offices had their legends incorrectly drawn.Therefore,the actual realization of the time section for the database of administrative regions needs to correct the mistakes listed above.Meanwhile,supplemented by the research method of the historical administrative geography,the time limit of all districts can be gauged to the same year.
作者
徐建平
Xu Jianping(Centre for Historical Geography Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《历史地理研究》
2020年第3期114-131,155,共19页
The Chinese Historical Geography
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国行政区划基础信息平台建设(1912—2013)”(15ZDB053)
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“民国时期省区图的搜集整理与民国政区数据库建设”(2019BLS001)
关键词
地图数字化
中华民国新地图
政区
地理信息系统
map digitization
New Atlas of Republic of China
administrative region
geographic information system
作者简介
徐建平,男,1979年生,浙江海盐人,博士,复旦大学历史地理研究中心副教授,主要从事历史政区地理研究。
