摘要
紫阳司法档案有300多卷,包含晚清陕南紫阳县各种各样的土地纠纷案件,这些案件记录了晚清基层司法的实态,通过整理和研究,可以对晚清在土地纠纷案件处理过程中,国家法和民间法的互动有客观的认识。首先,这种互动带有“此消彼长”的特点;其次,这种互动的也应是良性的,有显著效用的,主要是由于——民间纠纷的解决是在“国家的审判”和“民间的调停”二者之中互动完成的。司法档案里记录的案件,在审理的形式要件上有严格的格式化的要求,体现了国家法的强制性。案件实质性的审理过程中,国家法的角色又非常特殊,它会正面引导积极而为,保证诉讼程序的正常开展,但由于它在某些场合的低效,它也会隐退、消极和中立,从而让位于人们在长期生活过程中形成的伦理、习惯、风俗、人情等民间法来解决,例如调解,息诉等多元化的纠纷解决机制。这种行之有效发挥补正功能的规则,连同国家法一起建立并维护了民间秩序的正常开展,并形成合理的、得到普遍和长期认可的正常程序。
There are more than 300 volumes of Ziyang judicial archives,including various land dispute cases in Ziyang County,southern Shaanxi Province in the late Qing Dynasty,which recorded the reality of grassroots justice in the late Qing Dynasty.Through sorting out and studying,we can have an objective understanding of the interaction between national law and folk law in the process of land dispute cases in the late Qing Dynasty.First of all,this kind of interaction has the characteristics of"lost-gain";Secondly,this interaction should be benign and effective,which is mainly due to the interaction between"national trial"and"civil mediation".Cases recorded in judicial archives have strict formatting requirements in the formal elements of trial,which reflects the mandatory nature of national laws.In the substantive trial of cases,the role of national law is very special.On the one hand,it will ensure the normal development of litigation procedures through positive guidance;On the other hand,due to its inefficient application in some occasions,it will also be retired,passive and neutral,thus giving way to the folk laws such as ethics,habits,customs and human feelings formed in people’s long-term life,such as mediation,interest litigation and other diversified dispute resolution mechanisms.This effective rule,together with the national law,established and maintained the normal development of civil order,and formed a reasonable,universally and long-term recognized normal procedure.
出处
《民间法》
2021年第1期198-217,共20页
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“古代法官箴言及其传承与创新研究”(19AFX003)
西北师范大学“2014年度青年教师科研能力提升计划项目”
关键词
紫阳档案
土地纠纷
国家法
民间法
judicial documents in Ziyang
land dispute
national Law
folk law
作者简介
金怡,吉林大学法学院法律史专业博士研究生,西北师范大学法学院讲师。
