论中国早期美学的丽、巨丽与悲丽——以战国至汉武帝为中心被引量：1

On Gorgeous,Splendidly Gorgeous,and Beauty in Sadness of Early Chinese Aesthetics——Centered on the Warring States Period to Emperor Wu of Han

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摘要在现代形态的中国美学史研究中,人们习惯于用“美”来指称人的普遍审美经验,但事实上,它只是一个庞大的审美家族的组成部分,并不能有效解释相关经验的差异化,甚至异质性。比如在“美”与“丽”之间,丽在所指对象的数量和体量上,均超出了一般的美,两者不可浑言。以此为背景看中国战国至秦汉时期的美学,虽然诸子仍在捍卫传统价值,但传统以美为核心的伦理模式已失去影响,而进入好多、好大的欲望时代。与此相应,“丽”与“巨丽”成为这一漫长历史区间的主导词,“悲丽”则揭示了这一审美潮流内在的脆弱和荒诞性。可以认为,中国战国至汉武帝时期的美学,是游离于礼乐传统之外的异质形态,它摆荡在欲望和情感之间,求丽构成了它的本质,巨丽和悲丽是其两极化的展开形式。西汉武帝之后,中国美学逐步向儒家伦理模式回归,但此前被丽及其变体形塑的审美风尚,已经占据了中国历史近400年时间。 In modern studies of Chinese aesthetic history,people are accustomed to using“beautiful”(美in Chinese)to describe their universal aesthetic experience.However,studies on beauty are only a part of aesthetic studies and cannot effectively explain the differences or even heterogeneity in related aesthetic experiences.For example,word“gorgeous”(丽in Chinese)clearly surpasses“beautiful”in terms of number and volume of the objects they refer to,which means they cannot be used identically in general.Taking this into consideration,when we look into aesthetic studies in China from the Warring States period to the Han dynasty,we can see that although scholars still defended traditional values,the traditional ethical model centered on“beautiful”had given its way to desires.Correspondingly,“gorgeous”and“splendidly gorgeous”(巨丽in Chinese,literally,giant beauty)have become the pivotal word in this long historical period,while“beauty in sadness”(悲丽in Chinese)revealed the inherent fragility and absurdity in this aesthetic trend.It can be considered that the aesthetics from the Warring States Period to the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was a heterogeneous form that dissociated from the ritual and music tradition.Swinging between desire and emotion,it pursued“gorgeous”as its essence,while“splendidly gorgeous”and“beauty in sadness”constituted the two poles of its unfolded model.After the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty,Chinese aesthetics returned gradually to Confucian ethical model,but the aesthetic trend shaped by“gorgeous”and its variants had dominant Chinese aesthetic practice for 400 years.

作者刘成纪 Liu Chengji

机构地区北京师范大学哲学学院

出处《中国美学》 2023年第2期4-34,共31页 Chinese Aesthetics

基金国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“传统礼乐文明与当代文化建设研究”(17ZD03)阶段性成果。

关键词审美差异化战国美学秦汉美学丽巨丽悲丽 Heterogeneity Aesthetics in the Warring States Period Aesthetics in the Qin and Han Dynasties “Gorgeous” “Splendidly Gorgeous” “Beauty in Sadness”

分类号 K23 [历史地理—中国史] B83-092 [哲学宗教—美学]

作者简介刘成纪,北京师范大学哲学学院教授,教育部长江学者特聘教授,主要研究方向为中国美学史。