摘要
族群问题是影响阿富汗内政的关键因素。阿富汗族群冲突因外部势力干预而起。自杜兰尼王朝以来,在外部势力干预下,阿富汗族群关系逐渐恶化,族群成为外部势力干预阿富汗内政的主要工具,同时阿富汗族群问题导致赞助政治迅速发展,并逐渐伊斯兰化。在内部纷争和外部介入下,阿富汗族群冲突引发了阿富汗国内以及周边地区一系列安全问题,并扩散至全球范围,为阿富汗及其周边地区安全局势带来深远影响。美国撤军后,阿富汗族群冲突的和解仍将面临内部权力纷争和国族认同缺失、外部势力干预和国际恐怖主义上扬等多重挑战。
Ethnic issues seem to be quite significant in Afghanistan’s internal affairs,this study argues.Since the Durrani Dynasty,ethnic relations in Afghanistan apparently have gradually deteriorated due to an intervention by external forces.Ethnicities have become the main tool for external forces to intervene in Afghanistan’s internal affairs;indeed,the territorialization of ethnic ideology has become an important condition for the use of violence in the name of ethnicities,providing sufficient reasons for ethnic divisions while intensifying the politicization of ethnic groups.Research indicates that intervention by external forces also strengthened the role of asylum politics in Afghan ethnic politics,and led to both the formulation of an intervention model of“international asylum-intermediary sponsorship-network”and a rapid development of sponsorship politics.In addition,infiltration by international Islamist forces also looks to have led to a gradual Islamization of ethnic strife in Afghanistan.With the assistance of Afghani Islamic political parties and international Islamist forces,the authority of Islam continues to grow in Afghan politics,and the authority of traditional tribal groups has been gradually replaced by religious authority.This article shows that due to internal disputes and external intervention,ethnic conflict in the country has triggered a series of security problems in Afghanistan,even seriously impacting its surrounding areas,the whole region,and indeed the entire world.First of all,ethnic conflicts supported by external forces have disrupted the political balance in Afghanistan,leading to the rise of ethnic and religious extremist forces as well as an increase in ethnic political struggle.Secondly,intervention by external forces also seems to have led to a spillover of Afghani ethnic tensions to neighboring countries and regions like South and Central Asia.Thirdly,this paper concludes infiltration by international pan-Islamist forces has made ethnic conflicts in Afghanistan retrogress into religious extremism and terrorism,spreading even globally and bringing great harm to human civilization and values.After the withdrawal of US forces,the resolution of ethnic conflicts in Afghanistan will likely face multiple difficulties and challenges.First,research results show economic sanctions by western nations exacerbate the conflicts and humanitarian crises.Secondly,western countries are faced with a real dilemma of whether they should recognize the legitimacy of the Taliban regime.Thirdly,internal power struggles and a lack of national identity weaken the prospect of ethnic reconciliation.At the same time,internal and external factors such as sovereignty concerns,security interests,geopolitical dynamics,cross-border relations,connectivity,and trade will also jointly shape the prospects of ethnic relations in Afghanistan.In addition,the reconciliation between ethnic peoples and the restoration of their mutual relations arguably will face challenges such as new interventions by external forces as well as the rise of international terrorism.In this regard,this writing concludes the international community should reach a consensus on resolving the ethnic conflicts in Afghanistan,promote the establishment of a pluralistic and inclusive value system,examine the tribal conflicts in Afghanistan from a multi-civilizational and multi-dimensional perspective,and take a humanistic spirit as the core value principle to solve the conflict.
作者
李涛
袁晓姣
Li Tao;Yuan Xiaojiao(Sichuan University,Chengdu,610000,Sichuan,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期88-100,141,共14页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“南亚宗教问题对‘一带一路’的影响”(17JJDGJW009)阶段性成果
关键词
外部势力
干预
阿富汗问题
族群冲突
塔利班
external forces
interference
Afghanistan
ethnic conflicts
Taliban
作者简介
李涛,女,汉族,四川大学南亚研究所教授;袁晓姣,女,汉族,四川大学国际关系学院西部边疆中心博士生。四川成都610064
