摘要
鄂温克族跨居中俄蒙三国,中国的鄂温克族与俄罗斯的埃文基人、蒙古国的喀穆尼堪人文化同源。根据中俄两国人口普查数据,梳理和归纳俄罗斯埃文基人和中国鄂温克族人口变迁,阐释两国跨界民族人口数量、人口增长、人口分布的差异性,探讨两国少数民族人口特征与变化趋势具有重要的战略意义和政治意义。研究俄罗斯埃文基人及北极诸民族是中国北极战略计划的基础,研究中蒙俄跨界民族文化交流合作是“中蒙俄经济走廊”建设中的重要组成部分,对创造和谐边疆政治环境,推进边疆地区的经济发展具有重要的意义和作用。中国跨界民族的人口增长与跨越式发展,是中国特色民族发展道路的有益探索和成功实践,也为周边国家跨界民族的发展提供了借鉴和范式。在全球化背景下,探讨中俄跨界民族的变迁与发展,体现了人文社会科学研究的重要性,从而为中国“一带一路”倡议的实施及人类命运共同体的构建提供实证支撑。
The Ewenki ethnic group straddles the borders between China,Russia,and Mongolia,with the Ewenki ethnic group in China,the Evenki people in Russia,and the Khamnigan in Mongolia sharing identical cultural origins.This article focuses on a study of the population change of both the Chinese Ewenki and the Russian Evenki.The Chinese Ewenki and the Russian Evenki share common or similar traits in language,culture,customs,and religious belief.In 1931,the national identification of the Soviet Union officially recognized the Ewenki ethnic group(and part of the Oroqen)living in Siberia and the Far East as the Evenki people.In 2010,the entire population of Evenki in Russia was 37,843.While the Chinese Ewenki people are mainly located in Hulunbuir of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Qiqihar City of Heilongjiang Province,and other places.According to the 7th national census in 2020,the population of the Ewenki is 34,617.Based on the census data of China and Russia,it is of great practical significance to sort out and summarize the demographic changes of the Russian Evenki people together with the Chinese Ewenki people,interpret the differences in their population figures,population growth,population distribution,inter-ethnic marriages,ethnic languages,and years of education,as well as explore their demographic characteristics,cultural exchanges,and intangible cultural heritage protection.On Jan.26,2018,the Chinese government issued a white paper entitled China’s Arctic Policy,identifying China as a significant stakeholder in Arctic affairs.Therefore,the research on the Russian Evenki and the other Arctic peoples has its practical meaning.In September 2014,during his meeting with the heads of state of Russia and Monsgolia,General Secretary Xi Jinping brought forward the strategy of building a“China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor”.The unique geographical advantage of Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang Province has enabled them to play the role of“gateway”and“hub”by interlinking China,Russia,and Mongolia in the“Belt and Road”initiative.Studies furthermore indicate cross-border ethnic groups living along the China-Mongolian-Russia border can be influential causes of geopolitics as well as driving forces of the economy,society,and culture of the three countries.Research on the cultural exchanges and cooperation between cross-border ethnic groups of the three countries constitute an important part of the construction of the“China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor”,which is of great significance when trying to create a harmonious political environment in border areas and promote the economic development of these places.Meanwhile,records suggest that the beneficial exploration and successful practice of the development path of ethnic groups with Chinese characteristics has led to population growth and leapfrog development of China’s cross-border ethnic groups:This conceivably has provided a reference and model for the development of cross-border ethnic groups in the neighboring countries.In the context of globalization,the discussion on the demographic changes and development of cross-border ethnic peoples in China and Russia can be interpreted as a reflection of the importance of the research of humanities and social science,which provide further empirical support for the implementation of China’s“Belt and Road”initiative and the construction of a community with a shared future for humankind.
作者
刘晓春
Liu Xiaochun(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,100081,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期60-67,141,共9页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“‘一带一路’沿线各国民族志研究及数据库建设”(17ZDA155)
中国社会科学院创新工程重大科研规划项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识视角下各民族交往交流交融典型案例调查研究”(2020ZDGH017-MZ005)
中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地项目阶段性成果
作者简介
刘晓春,中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所研究员,研究方向:民族经济与人口较少民族发展。北京100081
