摘要
本文以高寨苗语附加式合成词的元音和谐为研究对象。首先探讨了高寨苗语几个常见的前缀功能,认为名词前缀具有分类、名物化功能,动词前缀有表相互、致使、延续义的功能。其次,运用元音和谐相关理论对高寨苗语的元音和谐及其特点进行了描写研究,认为高寨苗语的元音和谐是前缀元音和词根元音同一性的和谐,与阿尔泰语系语言的元音和谐不同;高寨苗语前缀加词根构成的附加式合成词不是一个半音节,其元音和谐也与孟高棉语族语言的前缀元音弱化不同。这种元音和谐主要出现在前缀与词根构成的双音节附加式合成词中。最后,通过苗语方言土语之间的比较,探寻有元音和谐形式的前缀元音的原型,并认为高寨苗语元音和谐的机制是词根元音跨过声母对前缀元音进行远接逆同化的结果。
In this paper,the author focuses on vowel harmony in derivational compounds of Gaozhai Hmong.She starts with the discussion on the functions of several common prefixes,proposing that the functions of nominal prefixes include classification and nominalization,while those of verbal prefixes include reciprocity,causation and continuation.Applying relevant theories of vowel harmony,she then describes and studies vowel harmony and its features in Gaozhai Hmong,arguing that vowel harmony in Gaozhai Hmong is characterized by identicalness of vowels in the prefixes and in the roots,which differs from vowel harmony in Altaic languages,and the prefixes in Gaozhai Hmong derivational compounds with vowel harmony are not half-syllables,which is different from prefixes with reduced vowels in Mon-Khmer sesquisyllables as well.Vowel harmony of Gaozhai Hmong mainly occurs in disyllabic derivational compounds comprising prefixes and roots.Finally,through a comparison across different Miao dialects and subdialects,she explores the proto-forms of vowels in the prefixes involved in vowel harmony,and maintains that the mechanism of vowel harmony in Gaozhai Hmong is a result of the long-distance regressive assimilation induced by the root vowels on the prefix vowels across the initials.
出处
《民族语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期34-45,共12页
Minority Languages of China
基金
国家社科基金重大招标项目“基于《世界语言结构地图集》的中国少数民族语言类型研究(17ZDA310)”的资助
关键词
高寨苗语
元音和谐
附加式合成词
元音原型
和谐机制
Gaozhai Hmong
vowel harmony
derivational compounds
proto-vowel
harmony mechanism
