摘要
在阿马尔那时代,近东形成了一个覆盖西亚、北非大部分地区的国际体系——阿马尔那体系。阿马尔那体系具有分层性的结构,参与者分为三个等级:大国、独立国家、附属国。阿马尔那体系的等级制结构,决定了这个体系的交往模式、规则,大国之间、大国与独立国家之间奉行对等—互惠原则,而臣服—保护是宗主国与附属国之间的交往规则。阿马尔那体系主要是由帝国对接而成,这决定了该体系呈现出多国主导的政治态势。帝国固有的扩张冲动、帝国间的接壤区域不可控的风险以及帝国内部的不稳定因素,造成了阿马尔那体系或大或小的局势动荡。公元前2千纪后半期的生产力发展水平,一方面决定了帝国扩张的限度,另一方面也限制了附属国扩张的能力,客观上保证了阿马尔那体系的稳定。
During the Amarna era,an international system,i.e.,the Amarna system,was formed in the Near East,which included the most of the region of West Asia and North Africa.The Amarna system had a hierarchical structure in which the participants were divided into three levels:the great powers,the independent states,and the vassal states.The hierarchical structure determines the mode and rules of interaction,the principle of reciprocity was pursued among the great powers and between the great powers and the independent states,while submission and protection are the rules of interaction between the suzerain state and the vassal state.The Amarna system was not a homogeneous system,but was mainly apatchwork of empires,which determined the political dynamics of the system as a multi-state system.The inherent imperialC E H O impulse to expand,the uncontrollable risk of inter-imperial bordering areas and the internal instability of the empire brought about greater or lesser instability in the Amarna system.The level of productive in the second half of the 2nd millennium B.C.,on the one hand,determined the limits of imperial expansion and,on the other,limited the capacity of the vassal states to expand,thus giving the Amarna system a degree of stability.
出处
《外国问题研究》
CSSCI
2023年第2期38-50,143,共14页
FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES
基金
国家社科基金重大项目项“公元前2—1千纪古代两河流域楔形文字经济契约的整理与研究”(编号:20&ZD239)
作者简介
袁指挥,天津师范大学历史文化学院教授,研究方向为古代埃及史、古代近东外交史。
