摘要
炭-/石墨烯量子点作为新兴的炭纳米材料,因具有独特的小尺寸效应和丰富的边缘活性位点而在高性能超级电容器电极材料的研发方面展现出巨大潜力。针对目前炭-/石墨烯量子点在超级电容器电极材料方面的应用优势和存在的关键问题,本文以炭-/石墨烯量子点、量子点/导电炭复合材料、量子点/金属氧化物复合材料、量子点/导电聚合物复合材料以及量子点衍生炭这些电极材料为脉络,梳理了近年来该领域的发展状况,尝试阐释炭-/石墨烯量子点在电极材料、复合材料和衍生炭电极材料中所起到的关键作用,最后对炭-/石墨烯量子点电极材料的发展进行了展望。本综述以期为炭-/石墨烯量子点基电极材料的研究提供一定参考和依据。
Supercapacitors have attracted considerable attention as newgeneration energy storage devices because of their high charge-discharge rate,ultralong lifetime,and high power density.However,the performance of supercapacitors is severely restricted by either the low intrinsic capacitance of porous carbons or the poor conductivity and sluggish electrochemical kinetics of pseudocapacitive components.Therefore,high-performance electrode materials integrated with high gravimetric and volumetric capacitances,high rate capability,and superb cycling stability are urgently needed.As emerging carbon nanomaterials,carbon-/graphene quantum dots(CDs/GQDs)have uniquely small particle sizes,abundant edge sites,and various functional groups,thus endowing them with great potential for developing highperformance electrode materials for supercapacitors.With the purpose of identifying the application advantages and critical problems of CDs/GQDs for supercapacitor electrodes,this review summarizes the development of CDs/GQDs,quantum dots(QDs)/conductive carbon,QDs/metal oxides,QDs/conductive polymer composites,and QD-derived carbon materials in recent years.In each section of this paper,we introduce the typical and updated studies from corresponding fields in terms of novel preparation routes,the crucial roles of CDs/GQDs in composite materials,and the electrochemical performance of electrode materials and assembled devices.Finally,the advantages and limitations of CD/GQD electrode materials are described,and the future development of QD-based materials is discussed.In general,the previous studies have shown that when directly used as electrode materials for micro-supercapacitors,CDs/GQDs performed at an ultrahigh charge-discharge rate of up to 1000 V·s-1.However,because of the discontinuous conductive network and good dispersibility in electrolytes,they are not suitable for use in common devices because of poor cycle stability.One of the most promising means for fully realizing active ion storage sites for portable devices is to strongly anchor CDs/GQDs onto conductive carbon scaffolds such as activated carbon,graphene nanosheets,and carbon nanofibers.QDs simultaneously improve the capacitive and rate performance owing to the active sites and improved surface wettability of the composite materials.To further improve the capacitance and cycle stability of electrode materials,different types of QDs/pseudocapacitive material composites(metal oxides or conductive polymers)have been developed.QDs have been shown to increase entire conductivity,accelerate ion transport,and depress the volume expansion of metal oxides and conductive polymers.Benefiting from their small-sized structure and outstanding reactivity,CDs/GQDs can also be used as emerging precursors for constructing advanced carbon electrode materials.Several forward-looking studies have shown that QDs can be converted to carbon nanosheets,heteroatom-doped carbon,and dense and porous carbon blocks with high gravimetric/volumetric capacitances and remarkable rate performance for fast and compact energy storage.Although related fields have rapidly developed in recent years,several critical problems including those related to green and effective methods to prepare CDs/GQDs,construction of entire conductive networks without active sites being sacrificed,the synergistic effect,and the underlying mechanism of QDs in composite materials still must be solved.We hope that this review can provide inspiration and references for further investigation in this promising field.
作者
朱家瑶
董玥
张苏
范壮军
Jiayao Zhu;Yue Dong;Su Zhang;Zhuangjun Fan(Key Laboratory of Energy Materials Chemistry,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials,Autonomous Region,Institute of Applied Chemistry,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,P.R.China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,Shandong Province,P.R.China.)
出处
《物理化学学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期30-45,共16页
Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(51702275,51672055)
新疆高校科研计划(XJEDU2017S003)资助项目.
关键词
炭量子点
石墨烯量子点
超级电容器
复合材料
炭材料
Carbon quantum dot
Graphene quantum dot
Supercapacitor
Composite
Carbon material
作者简介
Corresponding authors:张苏,男,1989年生。分别于2011年、2016年在北京化工大学获得学士和博士学位,师从宋怀河教授。现为新疆大学应用化学研究所副教授,主要从事炭材料及其在超级电容器、锂离子电池方面的应用研究。Emails:suzhangs@163.com,Tel.:+86-991-8583083;Corresponding authors:范壮军,男,中国石油大学(华东)教授,2003年博士毕业于中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所,曾获国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才,省部级科技一等奖两项。目前主要从事纳米炭材料在储能、催化、环保领域的应用基础研究。Emails:fanzhj666@163.com.
