摘要
鉴于此前历代内官干政造成的危害,明太祖对宫廷内官的功能、作用、活动范围形成了严格管理的初步设想,内外有别是其管理内官的核心思想,内官处内,外官处外。然而出于实际需要,明太祖对内官的任用却大大超出了自己所设定的范围,洪武时期即出现了宫廷内官奉命出差,到各地执行各项任务的现象,包括军中传命、抚谕外夷、宣谕宗室、奉使外国,甚至赈济灾荒、监督盐务、购买战马、核定钱粮等等,事务种类繁多,出差次数频繁。在明太祖皇权强有力的控制下,宫廷内官所受到的约束较多,尚没有威胁到皇权,且在明初政治、军事、外交等事务中发挥了一定的积极作用。但是,明太祖任用内官的趋势为后世内官参政提供了可能性,成为明代"祖制"。
In view of the hazards caused by the previous dynasties, the Emperor Taizu of Ming formed a prima-ry idea of strict management of the function, role and scope of activities of the inner officers in the palace. Theinternal and external distinction is the core idea of the management of the inner officers, that is inner officersin the internal and external officers in the external. However, out of practical needs, the appointment of the in-ner officers by the Emperor Taizu of Ming was far beyond the scope of their own set. During the Hongwu peri-od, the court officials were ordered to travel, to perform various tasks, including military orders, oracle foreignbarbarians, oracle clan, the envoy to foreign countries, and even famine relief, salt supervision, purchase ofwar horses, approved money and food, etc. There was a wide variety of affairs, and frequent travel. Under thestrong control of imperial power by the Emperor Taizu of Ming, the inner court officials were subject to moreconstraints, not yet a threat to the imperial power, and played a certain positive role in the political, militaryand diplomatic affairs in the early Ming Dynasty. However, the trend of appointment of inner court officials bythe Emperor Taizu of Ming provided the possibility for the latter inner officers to participate in politics, and be-came the"ancestral system"of the Ming Dynasty.
出处
《求是学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期161-169,共9页
Seeking Truth
基金
河北省属高等学校基本科研业务经费优秀青年项目“地方史视野下明代钦差制度研究”(JYQ201904)
关键词
明太祖
宫廷内官
制度设计
运作实践
Taizu of Ming
inner court officials
institutional design
operation practice
作者简介
李建武,廊坊师范学院副教授
