摘要
1850—1920年,幼儿园运动(Kindergarten Movement)是在福禄培尔幼儿园教育思想的影响下开展起来的世界范围内的学前教育变革。在这场变革中,其核心在于儿童观的彻底转变。幼儿园运动之初,玛伦霍尔茨·缪罗夫人等人从神学视域阐释福禄培尔思想而衍生的儿童观仍是主流话语,但其内涵与传统的宗教观有了很大的区别,他们主张儿童的主动性、自由活动、灵性的培育与神圣情感的激发等;幼儿园运动中期,苏珊·布洛等人致力于从哲学视域解读福禄培尔的儿童观,认为儿童期的独特性在于以象征的方式来表达自身,实现自我认知;幼儿园运动后期,帕蒂·希尔等人从科学与政治学的视域出发,提出需以儿童心理学理解儿童,培育儿童活动中的自发性以及自由与民主精神等。回顾这段幼儿园运动的历史,将使我们了解历史中不同的理解儿童的视域,以及当下观念形成的历史渊源等,从而帮助我们更为深入地省思当下流行的儿童观。
The Kindergarten Movement during the 1850 s to the 1920 sis a worldwide reform in early childhood education under the influence of Froebel’s Kindergarten education thoughts,a reform on the basis of a radical change in the thoughts of child’s nature.In the beginning of this movement,Baroness B.Von Marenholz-Bülow and other leaders insisted that theology was the foundation of understanding children,so they focused on children’s free activity,the cultivation of child’s spirit and the sacred love for others and God.This idea was replaced by the philosophical view of children in Susan E.Blow and others,who believed that the formation of self-consciousness is the destiny of man,and childhood is a time to express the consciousness symbolically.But this philosophical idea was also challenged by the scientific and political views of children in the last stage of the kindergarten movement,led by Patty Hill and Stanley Hall.They tried to understand children through psychology and focused on the cultivation of children’s spirit of freedom and democracy.By understanding the evolution of thoughts on child’s nature in the Kindergarten movement,we can find different ideas on child’s nature,whichhelp reflect upon our thoughts on child’s nature today.
出处
《中国人民大学教育学刊》
2019年第4期145-158,共14页
Renmin University of China Education Journal
基金
湖南省教育科学“十三五”规划青年专项课题“以精神成长为意旨:幼儿园教育质量提升机制研究”(项目编号:XJK18QJC002).
关键词
儿童观
幼儿园运动
演变历程
Child’s Nature
The Kindergarten Movement
Evolution
作者简介
罗瑶,女,湖南师范大学教育科学学院讲师、硕士生导师,教育学博士。
