摘要
研究卵石河床上底栖动物的小尺度分布对保护河流生态完整具有重要意义。为了解底栖动物在单个卵石上的分布特征,于2012年7月和2013年6月在黄河源区兰木错曲卵石河床选取6个样点进行底栖动物采样调查,同时对样点环境参数进行监测,对河流水质、底栖动物组成、物种丰富度和卵石表面积进行分析,以揭示底栖动物种数、个体数与卵石表面积的关系,探究大卵石层和卵石夹沙层中的底栖动物群落特征。结果表明,研究河段基本处于自然状态,水质为II类。调查期间共采集底栖动物2门、4纲、9目、16科、28属,在物种组成上,以水生昆虫为主。单个卵石上底栖动物的种数和个体数随着卵石表面积的增加呈幂指数增加,对数函数相关系数R^2分别为0.589、0.655(P<0.01)。卵石河床上,卵石夹沙层和大卵石层的物种丰富度(10~13种)差别不大,卵石夹沙层的密度(706~868个/m^2)远高于大卵石层(194~360个/m^2)。大卵石不易随水流运动,更适合附石类底栖动物尤其是毛翅目(Trichoptera)生存,大卵石层毛翅目的物种数(2~5种)和密度(12~87个/m^2)均高于卵石夹沙层(1~2种、1~9个/m^2)。毛翅目对河流生态具有重要意义,大卵石层对维持河流生态健康具有重要作用。
Research on small-scale distribution of macroinvertebrates in gravel bed is important for protecting the integrity of river ecology.In order to study the distribution of benthic organisms on a single stone,field investigations of macroinvertebrates and environmental parameters were conducted in July 2012 and June 2013 in a headwater stream(Lanmucuoqu River)of the Yellow River.The investigation focused on water quality,macroinvertebrate community composition,taxa richness and stone surface area.The objectives were to characterize the relationship of species number,individual number of benthic organisms and stone surface area,and the macroinvertebrate community characteristics in cobble and gravel-sand layers.The study will provide scientific data supporting the conservation and management of riverine ecosystems.The river section studied was generally in a natural condition,with Grade II water quality.A total of 28 macroinvertebrate genera belonging to 2 phyla,4 classes,9 orders,and 16 families were identified,with dominance by aquatic insects.The species number and individual number of benthic organisms on a single stone increased with stone area(power exponent relationship),with the correlation coefficient R^2 of logarithmic function 0.589,0.655(P<0.01),respectively.The difference of taxa richness(10-13)between gravel-sand layer and cobble layer was small,while the density in the gravel-sand layer(706-868 ind/m^2)was much higher than in the cobble layer(194-360 ind/m^2).Cobbles are not easily moved by flowing water and provide a more stable substrate,so the number of attached organisms is higher,especially for Trichoptera.The species number(2-5)and density(12-87 ind/m^2)of Trichoptera in the cobble layer was higher than in the gravel-sand layer(species number 1-2,density 1-9 ind/m^2).Trichoptera plays an important role in aquatic ecology and cobber layer is important in maintaining riverine health in the headwater area of the Yellow River.
作者
赵娜
周罕觅
李志威
徐梦珍
尹冬雪
ZHAO Na;ZHOU Han-mi;LI Zhi-wei;XU Meng-zhen;YIN Dong-xue(College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,P.R.China)
出处
《水生态学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期22-29,共8页
Journal of Hydroecology
基金
国家自然科学基金(51809086,51779120)
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(16A416002).
关键词
黄河源
底栖动物
物种数
个体数
卵石表面积
Yellow River headwaters
macroinvertebrates
species number
individual number
stone surface area
作者简介
赵娜,1988年生,女,博士,副教授,研究方向为河流生态及河流综合管理。E-mail:nanalucky@126.com
