摘要
“十字莲花”即指十字架以莲花为承托的组合图案,是中国景教的标志性符号。关于景教“十字莲花”图案的形成原因学者之间一直存在争议,主要围绕有无受到佛教影响展开讨论。其一,佛教影响说。以学者克林凯特(H.J.Klimkeit)、牛汝极和姚崇新为代表。克林凯特认为“十字架在莲花座之上的构图是基督教和佛教甚至道教艺术形式的结合”。^(①)牛汝极也赞同这一观点,在其著作中写道:“十字架和莲花的结合象征着西方基督教与中国佛教文化交融的状况。”^(②)而姚崇新则从莲花的功能性出发,由于帕米尔以西的地区为十字架设座并不普遍,所以认为“十字莲花”的形成是受到佛教造像中为“尊者设座”和“圣物设座”的观念影响,进而以佛教造像中最为流行的莲花座为十字架设座。^(③)其二,无佛教影响说。以学者陈剑光、穆宏燕为代表。
The“Lotus-cross”refers to the combination of the cross and the lotus as the support,which is the iconic symbol of Chinese Nestorianism.This paper takes the cross and the lotus fl ower as the starting point and compares the Chinese Nestorian“Lotus-cross”with the suspected“Lotus-cross”motifs in ancient Egyptian,Armenian and South Indian cultures.It is found that ancient Egypt was not the birthplace of lotus worship,but of water lily worship.The Armenian Khachkar is not a“Lotus-cross”but a combination of“cross+leaf”,and the composition of the Yuan dynasty Quanzhou area’s Nestorian monuments may have been infl uenced by Armenian culture.The“cross+lotus leaf”in the cross of St.Thomas in South India may be the predecessor of the Chinese Nestorian“Lotus-cross”,which was later formed under the infl uence of Chinese Buddhist culture and social atmosphere.The“Lotus-cross”was later formed under the infl uence of Chinese Buddhist culture and social atmosphere.
作者
乔飞
Qiao Fei(Academy of Fine Arts,Shaanxi Normal University)
出处
《丝绸之路研究集刊》
2023年第1期155-173,584,共20页
Journal of the Silk Road Studies
