辞赋创作视野下南宋初期士人心态探微

Exploration for the Mentality of Scholars in the Early Southern Song Dynasty from the Perspective of Ci and Fu Creation

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摘要在兵荒马乱中,南宋政权仓促建立,广袤的中原土地被外敌侵占,人民痛失家园,被迫南迁。士人们的心态随着政治环境的改变和统治者的治国方略而变化,故南宋初期的辞赋作品呈现出复杂多元的士人心态,映射出士人群体的政治期待和价值取向。南渡士人经历丧家失国之痛后,对高宗一朝寄予希望,在辞赋作品中抒发爱国情感,描述四夷来贺的场景,大肆宣扬高宗即位的合理性。而南宋初期仍延续北宋后期的“新旧党争”,面对敌军进犯,无论支持主战还是支持主和的士人,他们的言论不可避免地沾染了党争的气息。因此,辞赋中多有表达经历靖康之祸后的郁愤情绪,但出于党争或实现政治安稳的需要,士人少有勇气去理性地反思北宋灭亡的真正原因。 In the chaos of war,the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty was hastily set up;the vast land of the Central Plains was occupied by foreign enemies;the people suffered the loss of their homes and were forced to move south.The mentality of the scholars changed with the change of the political environment and the ruling strategy of the rulers.Therefore,the works of Ci and Fu in the early Southern Song Dynasty showed a complex and diversified mentality of scholars,reflecting their political expectation and value orientation.After the pain of losing their homes and country,the scholars who moved south placed their hope on Gaozong’s dynasty and expressed their patriotic feelings in their Ci and Fu works,describing the scene of the four foreign countries coming to join the congratulation,and trumpeting the rationality of Gaozong’s accession to the throne.In the early Southern Song Dynasty,still continued the“old and new party strife”in the late Northern Song Dynasty.Facing the enemy’s invasion,whether the scholars advocated war or peace,their remarks were inevitably stained with the tinge of the party strife.Therefore,there appeared lots of Ci and Fu expressing their melancholy and indignation after experiencing Jingkang Incident,but,out of the need of party strife or political stability,few scholars had the courage to reflect rationally on the real cause of the collapse of the Northern Song Dynasty.

作者李炜刘培 Li Wei;Liu Pei(School of Literature,Shandong University,Jinan Shandong,250100;Editorial Department of Literature,History and Philosophy,Jinan Shandong,250100)

机构地区山东大学文学院山东大学《文史哲》编辑部

出处《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第4期67-76,共10页 Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

关键词南宋初期辞赋士人心态 early Southern Song Dynasty Ci and Fu mentality of scholars

分类号 I207.22 [文学—中国文学] K245 [历史地理—中国史]

作者简介李炜(1992—),男,山西大同人,山东大学中国古代文学专业博士研究生;刘培(1968—),男,山西应县人,山东大学《文史哲》编辑部教授,博士,博士生导师。