摘要
传统理论将损失补偿原则作为保险法上的强制性规定,不允许保险合同当事人通过合同约款予以改变,借以防止被保险人为获取不当利益而发生道德危险。然在保险实务及立法实践中,为实现及时、充分填补被保险人损失的目标,产生了诸如定值保险、重置成本保险、天气指数保险等有悖于损失补偿原则基本理论的保险形态;此为损失补偿原则让步于“效率原则”与“自由原则”的体现,其强行法位阶有不断柔化的趋势,并逐渐转变为半强制性规范。损失补偿原则的规范属性的转变趋势并不意味着损失补偿原则“可有可无”,立法上所确立的以禁止不当得利为目标的诸多规则仍需坚守;但是损失补偿原则在理论上必须有更广泛和更自由的含义,并为当前及未来保险实践的发展留出足够的理论空间。
The traditional theory regards the principle of indemnity as a mandatory provision in insurance law,and does not allow the parties of the insurance contract to change it by the contract terms.The purpose of this practice is to prevent the insured from obtaining unjust enrichment and moral hazard.However,in insurance practice,in order to achieve the goal of filling the insured’s loss in time and fully,fixed value insurance,replacement cost insurance and weather index insurance violate the principle of indemnity,which give way to the"efficiency principle"and"freedom principle".The mandatory of the principle of indemnity is gradually weakening and transforming into a semi-compulsory norm.The trend of relativity of the principle of indemnity does not mean that the principle of compensation for loss is"dispensable".Many rules established in legislation to prohibit unjust enrichment still need to be adhered to;however,the principle of indemnity must have a broader and freer meaning in theory,and leave enough theoretical space for the current and future development of insurance practice.
出处
《私法》
2021年第2期241-258,共18页
Private Law Review
基金
2019年度中央高校基本科研业务费项目“财产保险理赔中损失补偿原则研究”(19CX04021B)成果
关键词
损失补偿原则
禁止不当得利
半强制性规范
相对化
Principle of Indemnity
Prohibit Unjust Enrichment
Semi-mandatory Norms
Relativization
作者简介
康雷闪(1986-),男,法学博士,中国石油大学(华东)法学系副教授,主要研究方向:保险法学。
