摘要
中国天然气产业已实现长足发展,2018年已成为全球第一大天然气进口国和第三大天然气消费国,产量和消费量分别达到1603×10^8m^3和2803×10^8m^3,进口量达1229×10^8m^3,另外在储运和加工处理方面也有一定发展。但同时也存在垄断程度高、定价机制不合理等瓶颈问题,制约了市场要素自由流动和公平有序竞争市场机制的形成,不利于产业的健康可持续发展。美国是世界第一大天然气生产国和消费国,在其天然气应用发展过程中,逐步放松政府规制,引入竞争,形成了相对完善的天然气管理体制,建立起市场化的运营机制。我国可以借鉴发达国家的经验,对行业存在的"垄断"和"市场失灵"问题进行干预和矫正。需要着力完善天然气规制治理体系,确立产业链区分治理原则,采取更有针对性的治理措施,从建立市场化勘探开采机制,打造服务型管网设施系统,形成竞争性市场定价模式等入手,建设统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系,使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。
China′s natural gas industry has achieved considerable development. In 2018, China became the world′s largest natural gas importer and third largest natural gas consumer.Its natural gas output and consump-tion reached 1603 ×10^8 m^3 and 2803 ×10^8 m^3 respectively,and its natural gas import reached 1229 ×10^8 m^3.The storage,transportation and processing of natural gas has also developed to some extent,but there are bottlenecks such as high degree of monopoly and irrational pricing mechanism,which restrict the free flow of market elements and the formation of a fair market mechanism with orderly competition,hindering the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.The United States is the world ′s largest natural gas producer and consumer.During its application and development of natural gas,the United States gradually relaxed the government regulation,introduced competition,formed a relatively complete natural gas management system,and established a market-oriented operating mechanism.China may learn from the experience of developed countries to intervene and correct the problems in the industry such as monopoly and market failure.It is necessary to improve the regulatory governance system for natural gas,establish the differentiated governance principles for industrial chain,take more targeted governance measures,and build a unified and open market system with orderly competition by establishing a market-oriented exploration and mining mechanism,building a service-oriented pipe network facility system and forming a competitive market pricing model.Only in this way can the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better play the role of the government.
作者
李雷
范莹莹
Li Lei;Fan Yingying(Development Research Center of State Administration for Market Regulation,Beijing 100088;Henan Branch of PetroChina Kunlun Gas Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou Henan 450046)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2020年第1期5-11,共7页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
天然气产业
垄断
定价机制
规制治理体系
区分治理
竞争有序
natural gas industry
monopoly
pricing mechanism
regulatory governance system
differentiated governance
orderly competition
作者简介
李雷,硕士,中国能源研究会会员,曾任职于全国工商联新能源商会和连云港海关等单位,主要从事市场监管政策、外贸政策和新能源产业经济的研究工作,已发表相关研究文章70余篇。E-mail:lilei0527@126.com
