摘要
天然气勘探开发总体上分为“采、输、脱、净、配”五个阶段,而天然气计量在各个阶段都必不可少,那么计量设备(或称计量仪器、计量器具)的重要性、适用性毋庸置疑。天然气在勘探开发各阶段具有不同的性质特点、计量要求与计量目的,因而在计量设备选型上,需要经过一系列的设计、论证工作,往往耗费大量时间,才能确定计量设备的最终选型。为此,一方面对天然气生产、集输、处理以及外销等各个环节的气体性质、输送条件、要求精度进行分析,一方面对超声波流量计、孔板流量计、涡轮流量计等常用计量仪器的性能、适用条件、精确程度、精度量程范围等进行对比,从而针对天然气勘探开发各个阶段的计量设备选型,确定选型原则,提出具体推荐方案。研究成果表明:(1)计量设备选型须遵循的原则为技术可行、经济可行、符合现场需求;(2)选型推荐方案为原料气(单井至脱水前)计量推荐高级孔板阀、干气(脱水至净化厂阶段)计量推荐超声波流量计、民用气计量推荐腰轮流量计、工业用户(或城市供气)计量推荐超声波流量计和高级孔板阀;(3)提出上述选型推荐方案,使相关工作人员能够快速选择最适宜的计量仪器类型,为计量设备选型提供预选依据,减少在设计、论证工作上耗费的人力和时间,使所选计量设备既满足现场需求,又节约时间和资金投入,实现了计量准确可靠的目的。
There exist 5 steps of production,transportation,dehydration,purification and allocation in the process of natural-gas exploration and development.Gas metering is indispensable in these steps.So,metering equipment(also called measuring instrument or apparatus)is undoubtedly considerable and practical.However,in every exploration and development course with distinct natures,and metering requirements and aims,it take so much time for final equipment selection owing to lots of design and demonstration workload.Therefore,the gas property,delivery conditions,and requirement precision were summarized for all links of gas production,transportation,processing and export sales.In addition,the properties,application conditions,accuracy,and precision scope were compared for several traditional tools such as ultrasonic flowmeter,orifice flowmeter,turbine flowmeter.And then,some principles to choose the flowmeters were made sure for every exploration and development course.Finally,many well-defined schemes were proposed.Results show that(1)three criteria to select metering equipment should be followed by feasibly technological and economic conditions to meet the site requirements;(2)four selection programs are recommended,for example the senior orifice valve flowmeter for feed gas in one well till dehydration,the ultrasonic flowmeter for dry gas from dehydration to purification,the waist-wheel flowmeter for domestic gas,as well as both ultrasonic and senior orifice valve flowmeters for urban gas(or industrial gas),individually;and(3)via these programs,the most available metering instrument is picked out in time,which can provide evidence for its selection in advance,reduce manpower and material inputs in design and demonstration,meet the site requirements,and save time and cost in order for attaining an exact and sound metering.
作者
袁志华
张勇
孙小利
Yuan Zhihua;Zhang Yong;Sun Xiaoli(Northeastern Sichuan Gas District,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Dazhou,Sichuan 635000,China)
出处
《天然气勘探与开发》
2022年第S01期44-49,共6页
Natural Gas Exploration and Development
关键词
计量设备
计量仪器
流量计选型
高级孔板阀
超声波流量计
Metering equipment
Measuring instrument
Flowmeter selection
Senior orifice valve
Ultrasonic flowmeter
作者简介
袁志华,男,1981年生,工程师,主要从事油气田开发研究工作。地址:(635000)四川省达州市通川区西外凤凰大道436号。E-mail:yuanzh@petrochina.com.cn
