摘要
探究农药施用数量、方式对果园土壤农药残留的影响可以为果树栽培农药减施提供依据。针对陕西长武苹果产区的高频施用农药类型,在4月(花期)和8月(套袋期)对11种农药土壤残留浓度进行了调查。研究结果表明,表层土壤的农药残留浓度范围为N/D^887.9 ng g^-1dw,检出率均大于78%,其中8种农药的表层土壤残留检出率为100%。喷施吡虫啉和戊唑醇会在短期内显著提升表层土壤该两种农药残留水平。由于农户喷施农药行为具有相似性,致使在4月和8月试验区和对照区的土壤残留特征相似,农药残留不同月份的差异主要受到农户用药习惯和用药量的影响。农药主要残留于表层(0~5 cm)土壤。因喷施过程中农药更多地落到树木覆盖稀疏地面,故试验区和对照区果园地面农药残留均呈点状分布,致使表层土壤和残留聚集点具有更高的生态风险。在11种常用农药中,吡虫啉和多菌灵的浓度较低、但生物(蚯蚓)毒性大,使计算得到的风险商(RQ)值大于1,成为环境风险高于其他农药的种类。
Exploring the effect of pesticide application on local soil can provide practical reference for pesticide reduction of agricultural products.In this paper,11 pesticide residues were investigated in April(flowering)and August(bagging)in Changwu apple yard.The residual concentrations of surface soil ranged from N/D to 887.9 ng^-1 dw,and the detection rateswere all higher than 78%,and 8 of the 11 Pesticides in surface soils showed 100%detection rates.Spraying pesticides could significantly improve the pesticide residue level in the surface soil in a short period of time.The spraying behavior of farmers is similar,which makes the soil residue characteristics of the test area and the control area very similar in April and August.The differences of pesticide residues in different months are mainly affected by the farmers’medication habits and dosage.Pesticide residues in soil are mainly distributed in the surface layer(0-5 cm).Because the pesticide falls on the sparse position of trees,there are accumulation points of pesticide residues in the test area and the control area.The surface soil and residual accumulation sites may have higher ecological risk.Among the 11 high-frequency pesticides,imidacloprid and carbendazimshow higher toxicity to earthworms than other ones.Although their concentrations are low,the calculated risk quotient(RQ)is greater than 1,and their environmental risks are higher than other pesticides.
作者
师荣光
郑向群
李晓华
刘爱风
贾皎皎
许萌萌
赵宗山
SHI Rong-guang;ZHENG Xiang-qun;LI Xiao-hua;LIU Ai-feng;JIA Jiao-jiao;XU Meng-meng;ZHAO Zong-shan(Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety,Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin,300191,China;Rural Energy&Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100125,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao,266071,China;Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials,Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期1224-1231,共8页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201200,2016YFD0201203)
农业部农产品质量安全环境因子控制重点实验室开放课题资助
关键词
土壤
农药
调查问卷
残留量
土壤环境风险
Soil
Apple Orchard
Pesticides
Questionnaire
Pesticide residue
Environmental risk assessment
作者简介
师荣光(1980-),男,河北省临城人,研究员,主要从事农产品产地土壤重金属监测与防控、农业环境信息化技术等方面的研究。E-mail:winsomesky@163.com;通讯作者:赵宗山,E-mail:zhaozs@qibebt.ac.cn
