摘要
现代汉语普遍以“江”“河”指称中国境内的水道,“江”南“河”北的地理分野也是人所共知的常识。倘使溯历史的江河而上,可知“南方之人,谓水皆曰江。北方之人,谓水皆曰河”^([1]),“秦岭以南之水皆谓之江,秦岭以北之水皆谓之河”^([2]),在宋、明已被时人视作一个基本事实。姚大力从比较历史语言学的角度梳理“长江”之名与早期南方土著人群的关系,指出“江”的原字是一个孟—高棉语词汇krong,译言“河流”^([3])。胡鸿则将东北地区以“江”命名大河的历史渊源追溯至4世纪东北亚政权与东晋南朝的文化交流。胡氏又将“江”“河”从“长江”“黄河”专称转变为南北河流通称的时间节点确定为唐代^([4])。然而一个令人困惑的史实是:在唐代“江河—南北”对应关系基本明晰的同时,都城长安^([5])南隅的一处池沼则名为“曲江”。
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,“Jiang”and“River”became the common names of waters in the north and south of China.Among the many waters in Chang’an,the capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties,only Qujiang Pond was named“Jiang”.Due to the tradition of Chu Ci(楚辞)and the author himself growing up in the south,Sima Xiangru(司马相如)used“Qujiang”to describe the spring of Xiayuan in Yichun(宜春下苑)in the Han Dynasty.During the reign of Emperor Wendi in the Sui Dynasty(隋文帝),the transformation and renaming of Qujiang Pond had the intention of suppressing the southern regime,but the new name“Furong Garder”(芙蓉园)still retains some of the characteristics of Jiangnan.Out of love for Jiangnan culture,Emperor Yangdi in the Sui Dynasty(隋炀帝)built Qushui Pond(曲水池)and Qushui Palace((曲水殿)in Luoyang,trying to make Luoyang“Jiankang in the North”,and he eventually died in Jiangnan.In the middle of the Tang Dynasty,the integration of the northern and southern cultures was completed.At this time,the literary works no longer avoided using words with the feature of the southern regime to describe Qujiang.The popular drinking activity of Qujiang(曲江流饮)in Chang’an during the middle and late Tang Dynasty was a continuation of Jiangnan customs.Many social and cultural activities in Qujiang Pond can actually be regarded as the participation of Jiangnan elements in the life of Chang’an citizens in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
出处
《唐史论丛》
2023年第2期330-345,共16页
