摘要
一、引言自北魏至唐中期推行了近三個世紀的“均田制”,不能望文生義地理解爲平均分配土地的制度。學者們認同,所謂“均田制”,是一種“自公卿以下至於吏民,名曰均田,皆有頃數,於品制中令均等”的田制^([1])。用現代語言説,即一種按照上自公卿、下至吏民的“官”“民”兩大社會階層及二者内部等級之高低,來規定各層級所占的土地頃畝數,並規定社會階層等級相同則土地頃畝數也相同的田制。如此“名曰均田”的“均田制”,它所規定的不同社會階層等級之間,尤其是“官、民”兩大社會等級之間的土地頃畝數,必然是不相同的和不均等的,因而絶不是什麽均分土地的制度,在實質上是“不均”的。
The equal-field system in the Tang Dynasty was mainly legislated by the Administrative Statute of Field(Tianling田令).The equal-field system carried out detailed hierarchical planning and arrangement for the amount of land and land rights according to social classes.These social classes included aristocratic bureaucratic households households and commoner households with peasant households as the majority and their inner classes.As a typical national hierarchical land grant system,it was essentially“unequal”.The equal-field system in the Tang Dynasty had rich institutional attributes as well.They included legislative attribute,national will attribute,the ruling class will attribute,political attribute,class nature,and mandatory.However,the equal-field system was a land law system instead of a land ownership system.
出处
《唐研究》
2023年第1期453-479,共27页
Journal of Tang Studies
基金
國家社科基金重點項目“唐代等級性制度安排與社會結構形態研究”[22AZS006]階段性成果
