摘要
湘语和多数汉语方言中都普遍存在用数量范畴的词语来表达程度范畴的现象,英语、阿富汗语、越南语等其他语言中也有类似的现象。这一现象具有类型学的意义。从“数量”到“程度”是“量范畴”下不同次范畴之间的转移。数量范畴表示离散事物的数目,程度范畴表示性状的高低。数量的绝对、具体、精确、离散、客观特征恰好对应程度的相对、抽象、模糊、连续、主观特征。数目的多少对应程度的等级,二者具有认知上的象似性。不同范畴可以借助联想彼此激活,实现投射。“数目—程度”这一客观到主观,精确到虚化的转移路径本身也符合人类语言发展规律。
Words denoting quantity category can also denote degree category in most Chinese dialects including Xiang dialects,which is also common in English,Afghan and Vietnamese and is of typological significance.The category shift from quantity to degree is a transfer between subcategories under capacity category.The quantity category indicates the number of discrete things,and the degree category represents the character.The characteristics of quantity category,as absolute,concreteness,preciseness,discreteness and objectivity,correspond exactly to characters as relativity,abstraction,ambiguity,continuity and subjectivity of degree category.The number corresponds to the level of degree,and they have cognitive iconicity.The two subcategories activate each other by association and achieve projection.The category shift from quantity to degree is a transfer from objective to subjective and from precise to unreal,which conforms to the law of human language development.
作者
李星辉
朱月皎
LI Xinghui;ZHU Yuejiao
关键词
湘语
数量
程度
范畴转移
Xiang dialects
quantity
degree
paradigmatic shift
作者简介
李星辉,lxhd1226@126.com
