摘要
吃义动词“喫”的本字依明代杨慎《转注古音略》中的看法,实为“毄”字。最早的用例为《汉书》里的“攻苦毄淡”。这种看法为明代焦竑和当代学者平山久雄所承袭。本文进一步指出:“喫”实为吃义“毄”字两个异体系列中“■”的增旁字“■”的变化形式中的一种。元代中部地区有些方言因语音发展,“喫”“乞”同音。民间又将“喫”写作“吃/乞”,并进一步扩散到“喫”“乞”不同音的地区。“喫”的俗写形式“吃”chī跟汉字中原有的“吃”jī/qī只是同形关系。“吃”字的ji/qī读法今废,为“喫”(今作“吃”)的chi音所代替。
Chi喫,interpreting EAT,is actually qi毄accoring to the opinion in Zhuanzhuguyinlue转注古音略by YANG Shen in the Ming Dynasty.The word gonghuqidan攻苦毄淡in the Hanshu汉书is the earlist example that has been found.Such opinion was accepted by Jiao Hong in the Ming Dynasty and the contemporary scholar Hisao Hirayama.This paper argues further that chi喫is actually one of the versions of■,a character adding a component on ji/qi which is in one of the two series of variants of qi毄interpreting EAT.In some dialects in the middle China in the Y uan Dynasty,chi喫is pronunced as qi乞for the phonological development,and chi喫was written chi吃or qi乞in demotic script which was then spread to the area where chi喫and qi乞have different pronunciations in the dialects.Chi吃,a demotic script of chi喫,is a homograph of ji/qi吃which is original in Chines characters.The pronunciations ji/qi of the character吃are now replaced by the pronunciation chi of the character喫,which is written as吃.
关键词
喫
本字
异体
同形字
chi喫
etymology
variant
homograph
作者简介
项梦冰,xiangmb@pku.edu.cn
