摘要
为了有效治理卤泊滩的重度盐碱土壤,合理再利用荒废的盐碱地,试验选取卤泊滩的盐碱土为研究对象,盆栽试验土壤为按照不同体积比配置不同盐碱浓度的盐碱土与黄绵土混合土壤,探讨耐盐植物苜蓿在不同盐分含量土壤中的生长发育状况及植物自身的抗逆性性能变化。结果表明,不同比例盐碱土对苜蓿的生长产生了阻碍作用,且随着盐碱土所占比例的增加,苜蓿的株高、生物量等显著降低。在仅有黄绵土处理(YJ-0)的苜蓿在幼苗期至成熟期均高于其他处理,且在成熟期时株高达到了28.2cm,盐碱土∶黄绵土=3∶1(YJ-5)的株高仅为6.5cm,较YJ-0降低了77.0%,且达到显著差异(P<0.05)。YJ-5的地上部分鲜重和干重分别为3.48g和1.41g,分别较YJ-0降低了67.8%和41.5%,且达到显著差异(P<0.05)。不同处理紫花苜蓿的SPAD值变为YJ-2>YJ-1>YJ-0>YJ-3>YJ-4>YJ-5。盐碱土∶黄绵土=1∶2(YJ-2)处理的SPAD值在开花期达最大,为58.7,较YJ-5(48.4)提高了21.3%。不同盐碱比例显著影响苜蓿的光合指标日变化,YJ-2的Pn在10∶30时达到最大,为6.33μmol·(m2·s)-1,较YJ-5提高了45.9%;Tr和Gs均在8∶30时达到高峰值,在12∶30之后出现了显著下降的现象。不同盐碱土比例条件下苜蓿丙二醛、脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶活性随着生长期而增大;同一生育期内各抗逆性物质随着盐碱土比例的提高而增大,说明盐分胁迫将提高苜蓿叶片中抗逆性物质的含量,从而增强苜蓿的抗逆性。综合分析植株对盐碱的耐性程度及苜蓿本身产量,对于卤泊滩重度盐碱土壤可以通过盐碱土∶黄绵土=1∶2的方法改良利用该地区土壤。
The test selects the saline-alkali soil heavy from the Lubo Beach as the research object.Potted experiments were used to configure saline-alkali soil and loessial soil mixed with different concentrations according to different volume ratios.To explore the growth and development of salt-tolerant plant alfalfa in soils with different salt contents and the change of plant’s stress resistance.In order to effectively treat the severe saline-alkali soils of Lubo Beach,the abandoned saline-alkali soils can be reused reasonably.The results show that different proportions of salinealkali soils have hindered the growth of alfalfa.With the increase of the proportion of saline-alkali soil,the plant height and biomass of alfalfa decreased significantly.The alfalfa planted in the yellow cotton soil(YJ-0)was higher than other treatments from the seedling stage to the maturity stage.At the maturity stage,the plant height reached 28.2 cm.The plant height of saline-alkali soil/loessial soil=3/1(YJ-5)is only 6.5 cm.Compared with YJ-0,it was 77.0%lower and reached a significant difference(P<0.05).The fresh weight and dry weight of the aerial part of YJ-5 were 3.48 g and 1.41 g.They were 67.8%and 41.5%lower than YJ-0.It was reached significant difference(P<0.05).The SPAD value of differently treated alfalfa was changed to YJ-2>YJ-1>YJ-0>YJ-3>YJ-4>YJ-5.The SPAD value of saline-alkaline soil/loessial soil=1/2(YJ-2)treatment reached the maximum at the flowering stage.It was 58.7;it was 21.3%higher than YJ-5(48.4).The ratio of different salinity and alkali significantly affected the diurnal variation of photosynthetic index of alfalfa.The Pn of YJ-2 reached a maximum at 10:30,which was 6.33μmol·(m2·s)-1;it was 45.9%higher than that of YJ-5.Both Tr and Gs reached a high peak at 8:30,and a significant drop occurred after 12:30.Malondialdehyde,proline and Superoxide Dismutase activities increased with the growth period of different saline-alkaline soils.During the same growth period,the stress-resistant substances increased with the increase of the ratio of saline-alkali soil.It is indicated that salt stress will increase the content of stress-resistant substances in alfalfa leaves,thus enhancing the stress resistance of alfalfa.Comprehensive analysis of the tolerance of plants to salinity and the yield of alfalfa itself,in the saline-alkali soil of Lubo Beach,the soil in the area can be improved by the method of saline-alkali soil/loessial soil=1/2.
作者
叶胜兰
魏雨露
牛岩
YE SHenglan;WEI Yulu;NIU Yan(Institute of Land Engineering and Technology,Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710075,China;Shaanxi Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710075,China;Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering,the Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi’an 710075,China;Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center,Xi’an 710075,China)
关键词
盐碱土
苜蓿
生长状况
光合特性
saline-alkali soil
alfalfa
growth condition
photosynthetic characteristics
作者简介
叶胜兰(1986-),女,四川资中人,硕士,工程师,从事植物营养生长以及土地整治等研究。E-mail:552769044@qq.com
