摘要
目的分析金属制品业噪声危害的频谱特点。方法采用分层抽样法,选择6家金属制品企业为研究对象;检测其工作场所和岗位噪声强度(A/C计权)及频谱(Z计权),采用等效连续C计权声压级(L_(Ceq))与等效连续A计权声压级(L_(Aeq))的差值、噪声频谱主频率和聚类分析的方法分析各岗位噪声频谱的特点。结果金属制品业的11个主要噪声岗位的工作场所噪声和岗位噪声均超标,超标率分别为69.2%和78.1%。其中,油压工、电焊工和超声波清洗工的每周40 h等效声级超标率达100.0%。频谱分析结果,金属制品业的噪声多以宽频为主;碰焊工岗位单独成一类,为低频宽频带噪声;喷漆工岗位噪声单独成一类,为低频窄频带噪声;其他岗位归为一类,均为宽频带噪声。其中,数控车床工、电焊工、攻牙工、开料工和切割工为高频宽频带噪声,冲压工为中频宽频带噪声,打磨工、油压工和超声波清洗工为低频宽频噪声。岗位工人中,双耳高频听阈提高的检出率为61.7%,双耳高频听阈提高的检出率与各频段的噪声声级强度无统计学相关(P值均>0.05)。结论金属制品业噪声危害程度严重;应依据频谱特性采取有效的工程控制措施和听力保护措施。
Objective To analyze the spectrum characteristics of noise hazards in the metal products industry.Methods A total of six metal product industries were selected as research subjects using stratified sampling method.The noise intensity(A/C-weighted)and noise spectrum(Z-weighted)of workplaces and job positions were detected.The characteristics of the noise spectrum of each job position were analyzed using the difference between equivalent continuous C-weighted sound pressure level(L_(Ceq))-equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level(L_(Aeq)),the dominant frequency of the noise spectrum,and cluster analysis methods.Results The workplace noise and job position noise of 11 main noise positions in the metal products industry were exceeded national standard,with incidence of 69.2%and 78.1%,respectively.The average of normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a normal 40 hours working week exceeded the national standard in 100.0%of hydraulic workers,welders,and ultrasonic cleaning workers.The result of spectrum analysis showed that the noise in the metal product industry was mainly broadband.The noise of the collision welder position was classified as low-frequency broadband noise,while the noise of the painter position was classified as low-frequency narrowband noise.The noise spectrum characteristics of other positions were similar and classified into one category,all of which were broadband noise.Among them,numerical control lathe workers,welders,threaders,machinists,and cutters were exposed to high-frequency broadband noise,while press workers were exposed to mid-frequency broadband noise,and grinders,hydraulic workers,and ultrasonic cleaning workers were exposed to low-frequency broadband noise.The detection rate of binaural high-frequency hearing threshold improvement among workers was 61.7%,and there was no statistical correlation between the detection rate of binaural high-frequency hearing threshold improvement and the noise level intensity of each spectrum.Conclusion The level of noise hazards in the metal products industry is severe.Effective engineering control measures and hearing protection measures should be implemented based on the spectral characteristics of noises.
作者
张敏红
陈浩
邓敏
谢子煌
田东超
周伟
ZHANG Minhong;CHEN Hao;DENG Min;XIE Zihuang;TIAN Dongchao;ZHOU Wei(Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518020,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第5期518-523,共6页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
深圳市科技研发基金重点项目(JCYJ20200109150831878)
深圳市科技研发基金(JCYJ20210324133013038)
关键词
金属加工
噪声
频谱
频率
聚类分析
Metal processing
Noise
Spectrum
Frequency
Cluster analysis
作者简介
张敏红(1985—),女,劳动卫生与环境卫生学硕士,副主任医师,主要从事职业危害评价及风险评估工作;通信作者:周伟,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,E-mail:zhouwei198007@163.com
