摘要
在汉语史上,"惭愧"是个多功能词,有"不安"义心理形容词、"感谢"义动词、"庆幸"义动词、"幸运"义形容词、"谢天谢地"义叹词等用法。其中,"谢天谢地"义叹词"惭愧"常独立成句,构成庆幸程式语。叹词"惭愧"的语用化路径为:"感谢"义动词→"庆幸"义动词→"幸运"义形容词→"谢天谢地"义叹词。"感谢"义动词"惭愧"不是从"不安"义心理形容词"惭愧"演变而来,而是"惭"和"愧"这两个"感谢"义动词并列复合的结果。"惭愧"的语用化还表现在它曾一度呈现出从庆幸语向感叹语演变的倾向。
In classical Chinese,cankui(惭愧)is a multifunctional word.It has many usages,such as an adjective meaning of"shameful",a verbal meaning of"thank",an adjective meaning of"lucky",an interjection meaning of"thanks to God",etc.The interjection cankui tends to be the only constituent of a sentence that is a conversational formula meaning"thankfully".The pathway cankui followed during its pragmaticalization is like the following:verb meaning"thank"→adjective meaning"lucky"→interjection meaning"thanks to God".Cankui meaning"thank"is lexicalized from the phrase cankui consisting of can(惭)and kui(惭愧)meaning"thank",rather than developed from the meaning of"shameful".The further pragmaticalization of cankui is development from an interjection expressing speaker’s good luck to a typical exclamation formula.
出处
《语言研究集刊》
2019年第2期132-147,427-428,共18页
Bulletin of Linguistic Studies
基金
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目“汉语致谢词的共时变异与历时演变研究”(项目编号2018SJA0945)的资助.
关键词
惭愧
“感谢”义动词
“谢天谢地”义叹词
语用化
Cankui(惭愧)
verb meaning’thank’
interjection meaning’thanks to God’
pragmaticalization
作者简介
张爱玲,yunying0914@163.com
