摘要
本文从景颇语"一个半音节"特点的分析以及与亲属语言的比较中,论证这一化石般的"一个半音节"在认识汉藏语语音历史特点中的地位。"一个半音节"的存在,至少能够勾画藏缅语语音从复辅音声母到"一个半音节"再到单辅音声母的演变轨迹,还可为原始汉藏语语音是否存在复辅音声母以及后来出现什么演变轨迹提供参照线索和思路参考。全文分为六个部分:题解;"一个半音节"术语的概念;景颇语"一个半音节"的共时特点;景颇语"一个半音节"的两种来源;用"一个半音节"构拟藏缅语声母从复辅音到单辅音的演变链;从共时窥见历时的几点体会。
There is a great amount of literature on phonological evolution of Sino-Tibetan languages which has puzzled scholars for many years.The issues discussed include:the shift from consonant clusters to mono consonant;the shift from monosyllabic to multisyllabic lexicon;were there initial consonant clusters in Archaic Chinese(Old Chinese or earlier,i.e.proto-Chinese);what about other Sino-Tibetan languages?If there were,what happened?A sesquisyllabic syllable,i.e.,a syllable and a half,in Jingpo,is significant in both the synchronic and diachronic studies of Sino-Tibetan languages.It demonstrates the following attributes:(1)highly frequent(and productive);(2)particular of vowel(with only"i"and"a"allow half syllable),initial consonant(17 in 31 allow half syllable),rhyme(only monophthongs tolerates half syllable),and tone(high falling tone allows no half syllable);(3)alternative(that is,for the same word,sesquisyllable and disyllable may coexist);(4)meaningless(showing no lexical meaning).According to our investigation,the sesquisyllables in Jingpo came from initial consonant clusters in Tibeto-Burman languages or through analogy of final stress.Being a fossil of language evolution,the existence of sesquisyllable helps to understand the development from initial consonant clusters to mono consonant.A cyclic evolution is thus observed:reduction drives the change from disyllabic structures into monosyllabic structures;and monosyllabic CV structures in turn develop into disyllabic words,while sesquisyllable exactly forms a bridge in these shifts.
作者
戴庆厦
Dai,Qingxia(Yunnan Normal University;Minzu University of China)
出处
《韵律语法研究》
2020年第1期40-51,共12页
Studies in Prosodic Grammar
关键词
景颇语
一个半音节
汉藏语
地位
演变链
Jingpo
sesquisyllable
Sino-Tibetan languages
status
evolution chain
作者简介
戴庆厦,云南师范大学汉藏语研究院,中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,daiqingxia111@163.com
