摘要
通信使的航海祭祀在“五礼”中属于吉礼,是重要的王朝祭礼。祭祀依据国家礼典“国朝五礼仪”进行,并随着礼制的不断发展完善而不断发生变化。江户时代初期,中国处于明清鼎革之际,东亚范围内华夷思想凸显,日朝两国在交往过程中时常以中华文化为准则进行较量;航海祭祀作为通信使出行的重要环节,极力彰显了朝鲜王朝礼制文化的一部分。因此通信使的航海祭祀活动,不仅起到祈祷航海安全和使行顺利的作用,在朝鲜王朝时期还具有特殊的政治功能与文化内涵。
The term Tongshi(literally:diplomatic officials)means interpreter,also known as Yiyu(translator)and Sheren(interpreter).In ancient East Asian relations,the Tongshi played a role in bridging international relations.There were Tongshi of Trade,Monks of Tongshi,Tongshi of Government,and even Army Tongshi,who had different identities such as official,monk or businessman.They are bilingual and even trilingual,and are active in government,culture,and trade.Some of them were appointed to official positions for their merits,or were captured or killed,while others were officially employed by various countries in East Asia.The Chinese Tongshi who were active in various countries in East Asian seas,including Tongshi of Trade,Monks of Tongshi in Japan,and Tongshi of Government.There was even a large group of Chinese-born Tongshi,most of whom was captured by the Japanese pirates.The Tongshi of Government even reported directly to the governments of their countries to clarify the policies of Chinese Dynasties and act as spokesmen for their government.The Japanese Tongshi who were active in the East.Asian seas included Tongshi of government,Monk of Tongshi and Tongshi of Trade.The most frequent one in the history was the Tongshi of Government,while the Tongshi of Trade rarely appeared.This indicates that the trade between China and Japan was mainly carried out by Chinese merchant ships to Japan,and most of them had Tongshi of Trade accompanying the ships,and some merchants were even Tongshi of Trade who knew Japanese themselves.Since Goryeo Korea pursued a policy of Sadaejuui,most of the Tongshi were diplomats with official positions and were promoted repeatedly for their outstanding diplomatic performance.Korea also often used Chinese-born Tongshi to mediate for itself.
作者
温伟婧
赵莹波
Wen Weijing;Zhao Yingbo(Shanghai University)
出处
《元史及民族与边疆研究集刊》
2022年第1期282-292,共11页
Studies on the Mongol-Yuan and China's Bordering Area
作者简介
温伟婧,上海大学文学院博士研究生;赵莹波,上海大学外国语学院教授
