摘要
1950—1960年代,菲律宾人克洛马对中国南沙群岛部分岛礁提出所谓的“自由地”领土要求,并寻求菲律宾政府保护和外国承认。对此,菲律宾政府事先未予授权、事后外交部和总统府有“局部支持”和“不介入”的应对意见分歧。该分歧致使菲律宾政府未予理会克洛马的领土要求,克洛马不具备声索领土主权的资格。菲律宾政府长期在克洛马“自由地”领土要求上不作为、坐视中国台湾当局维护中国南沙群岛领土主权的斗争,实际上构成对中国南沙群岛领土主权的默认。该默认具备禁止反言“四要件”,能产生阻断1971年菲律宾政府追认克洛马“自由地”领土要求合法性的法律效力。克洛马的个人活动不能为菲律宾政府创设有关南沙群岛部分岛礁领土主权的法律权源。
In the 1950s and 1960s,The Philippine citizen Tomas Cloma made a territorial request to the alleged Freedomland which is in fact a part of China’s Nansha Qundao(Nansha Islands or Spratly Islands).Cloma once sought diplomatic protection from the Philippines’government and recognition from other countries.Cloma’s territorial request was without prior official authorization.The Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs and the Presidential Office had two different solutions of“partial support”and“no intervention”,causing the Philippine government to keep silent for Cloma’s territorial request and making Cloma ineligible to make territorial claims.The Philippines’long-term inaction towards Cloma’s territorial request and the sovereignty enhancing activities of Taiwan Authorities(Chiang Kai-shek of Kuomintang)constituted acquiescence to China’s sovereignty over Nansha Qundao,which had the legal effect of estoppel.The Philippines had been precluded from subsequent ratification of unauthorized Cloma’s territorial request and alleging its legality.Cloma’s personal activities cannot create territorial legal title to part of Nansha Qundao for the Philippines more.
作者
王看
Wang Kan(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)
出处
《元史及民族与边疆研究集刊》
2022年第2期172-188,共17页
Studies on the Mongol-Yuan and China's Bordering Area
基金
国家社科基金“新时代海洋强国建设”重大研究专项(编号:20VHQ005)阶段性成果
作者简介
王看,广东外语外贸大学国际关系学院讲师、南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)海洋战略与法律团队兼职研究员
