摘要
结构助词"的"的语法特征可从形式(形态句法)和意义(语义语用)两方面考察。作为虚词,"的"可视为现代汉语的一种重要形态。从句法上看,"的"可用于多数定中结构。从认知语义上看,若定语与中心语之间是静态空间关系:二者为一般的整体关系时,如数量名等结构,不能用"的";二者为强化性的分解关系,要用"的"。因此,"的"是"静态分解关系"标记。可扩展定语,语义上可使空间特征放大或空间范畴明确,如"黄香蕉"可扩展为"黄·黄的香蕉"(AA式)或"黄·色的香蕉"(Aa式)等,这些形式是构成状态词或区别词的基础,具有语用上的描写或限制作用。整体关系也可用"的"扩展升级为分解关系,如"这香蕉——这样(Aa)的香蕉",空间特征更明确。
The grammatical meanings of structural particle de(的)can be observed from two aspects of form(morphology and syntax)and meaning(semantic and pragmatic).In syntax,de(的)can be used in most modifier-head constructions.In cognitive semantics,the relation of attribute and its head is static and spatial:when relation is normal integration,such as numeral-classifier-noun structure and so forth,de(的)cannot be used;when it is emphasized disintegration,de(的)must be used——so de(的)is the mark of static disintegration relation.Attribute can be expanded when in semantic space feature is enlarged or space category is cleared.Such as“黄香蕉”can be expanded to“黄·黄的香蕉”(AA pattern)or“黄·色的香蕉”(Aa pattern),these patterns can constitute state words and distinction words which can modify or restrict head pragmatically.Integration can be upgraded to disintegration by de(的),such as“这香蕉——这样(Aa)的香蕉”,in which space feature is more cleared.
作者
何文彬
He Wenbin(College of Liberal Arts,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu,610068)
出处
《语言历史论丛》
2021年第1期15-53,1-2,共41页
Papers on Languages and History
关键词
“的”
静态
空间
整体
分解
de(的)
static
spatial
integration
disintegration
作者简介
何文彬,男,江西瑞昌人,四川师范大学文学院副教授,研究方向为现代汉语语法。
