摘要
目的了解现阶段上海市静安区居民对精神卫生知识的知晓情况以及对精神疾病的歧视和偏见程度,评估精神卫生知识的普及程度,以制定有效的健康教育计划和策略,提高居民对精神疾病的正确认识。方法于2019年7至9月采用典型抽样(街道)、单纯随机抽样(居委)和机械抽样(居民)三阶段抽样方法,选取上海市静安区2个街道18岁及以上的常住居民共200名进行问卷调查,调查内容包括基本信息、精神卫生与心理保健知识、精神疾病有关态度问题以及焦虑、双相、抑郁、精神分裂症常见精神疾病的案例知识。结果上海市静安区居民对精神卫生知识的总体知晓率为79.24%,年龄、受教育程度与精神卫生知识知晓率比较差异有统计学意义(F=17.995,P<0.001);性别、婚姻状况与精神卫生知识知晓率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);居民对精神疾病的认识和案例知识的掌握程度不高,焦虑、双相、抑郁、精神分裂症的案例知识总体知晓率分别为29.44%、37.50%、38.00%、32.27%;居民对精神疾病多持有负性态度和不确定态度,在与精神病患者交友、信任、友好等正性态度方面评分较低。结论上海市静安区居民精神卫生知识的知晓率较高,达到了《全国精神卫生工作规划(2015—2020年)》中"城市普通人群心理健康知识知晓率达到70%"的指标要求,但居民对精神疾病的态度比较消极及对精神疾病案例知识掌握不足,需要综合分析现实问题,制定针对性措施,继续深化宣传。
Objective To understand the current awareness of mental health knowledge and the degree of discrimination and prejudice against mental illness,to evaluate the popularity of mental health knowledge,to formulate effective health education plans and strategies,and to improve the correct awareness of mental illness.Methods From July to September 2019,a total of 200 permanent residents aged18 and over in two streets of Jing’an District of Shanghai were selected by three-stage sampling methods,i.e.typical sampling(in the streets),simple random sampling(in the neighborhood committees)and mechanical sampling(in the residents).The survey contents included basic information,mental health knowledge,related attitude problems of mental illness,and case knowledge of common mental diseases such as anxiety,bipolar disorder,depression and schizophrenia.Results The general awareness rate of mental health knowledge was 79.24%.The correlation between age,education level and awareness rate of mental health knowledge was statistically significant(F=17.995,P<0.001),which had nothing to do with gender and marital status(P>0.05).Residents’awareness of mental diseases and case knowledge was low,and awareness rate of case knowledge of anxiety,bipolar,depression and schizophrenia was 29.44%,37.50%,38.00%and 32.27%,respectively;the residents’attitude were negative and uncertain to mental illness,and the score was low in positive attitude of making friends with mental patients,trust and friendship to them.Conclusion The awareness rate of mental health knowledge of residents in this area is relatively high,which has reached the target requirement of"the awareness rate of mental health knowledge of urban population has reached 70%"in the National Mental Health Work Plan(2015-2020).However,the positive attitude of residents towards mental illness is still low,and the awareness of mental illness case knowledge is still low.
作者
陈玉明
庄晓伟
刘寒
牛丹丹
史曜维
朱磊
郑运洪
俞祺桑
沈红琳
王菁华
王稀琛
岑国芬
陈艳
黄恬蕊
CHEN Yu-ming;ZHUANG Xiao-wei;LIU Han;NIU Dan-dan;SHI Yao-wei;ZHU Lei;ZHENG Yun-hong;YU Qi-sang;SHEN Hong-lin;WANG Jing-hua;WANG Xi-chen;CEN Guo-fen;CHEN Yan;HUANG Tian-rui(Shanghai Jing’an Mental Health Center,Shanghai 200040,China)
出处
《慢性病学杂志》
2021年第6期829-833,共5页
Chronic Pathematology Journal
关键词
精神卫生
知晓率
精神疾病
态度
调查
Mental health
Awareness rate
Mental illness
Attitude
Investigation
作者简介
陈玉明,大学本科,副主任医师,研究方向:精神病管理;通信作者:庄晓伟,E-mail:xwzh1998@163.com
