摘要
隐喻,作为修辞领域的重镇,学界研究已多,堪称硕果累累。本文也谈寓言隐喻,但不同之处在于,本文将其置于“思想修辞”的视域中进行观照。“思想修辞”是一个相对独立的理论系统,它试图在语言修辞之外探讨一种思想层面上的广义修辞现象。简言之,所谓“思想修辞”,就是运用修辞的方法、手段来进行思维和思考,或曰在思想、思维过程中带有修辞的痕迹和影响,凡具有这些特征的思维活动,都可以称之为“思想修辞”。提出并论证思想修辞,是在中国学界从“狭义修辞学”到“广义修辞学”转向这一大背景下进行的。研究思想修辞,提出和明确整体概念固然重要,但更为要紧的是要像语言修辞有自己的“修辞格”一样,也确立“思想修辞”自己的研究范畴。由此考量,“寓言隐喻”可视为“思想修辞”的基本范畴之一,而富含寓言故事的《庄子》是其重要文本。《庄子》大量运用寓言及比喻、明喻、暗喻等修辞手段,无疑富含修辞元素,但其绝不仅限于语言层面,而是存在于思想和思维层面。在此,隐喻不仅是一种修辞格,而且还是一种认知方式。“心斋”“心驰”“坐忘”“丧我”等构成了庄子认知表达的思维层面,其思想贯通全篇,由直觉性的心神直接抵达道之核心。显然,这种以寓言隐喻为载体的修辞活动要高于“语言修辞”,是一种“思想修辞”。而将“寓言隐喻”视为一种“思想修辞”范畴,置于这一整体系统中观照,或有新意与启发。
Metaphor,as an important rhetorical field,has been studied in many academic circles,which can be called fruitful.This paper also talks about allegorical metaphor,but the difference is that it is viewed from the perspective of“thought rhetoric”.“Thought rhetoric”is a relatively independent theoretical system,which attempts to explore a broad rhetorical phenomenon on the ideological level in addition to linguistic rhetoric.The so-called“thought rhetoric”is to use rhetorical methods and means to think and think,In other words,there are traces and influences of rhetoric in the process of thinking.Any thinking activity with these characteristics can be called“thought rhetoric”.It is carried out under the background that Chinese academic circles have changed from“narrow rhetoric”to“broad rhetoric”.It is of course important to study thought rhetoric,put forward and clarify the concept of the whole,but what is more important is to establish the research category of“thought rhetoric”just as language rhetoric has its own“figure of speech”.From this perspective,“allegorical metaphor”can be regarded as one of the basic categories of“ideological rhetoric”,Chuang Tzu,rich in fables,is an important text.It uses a lot of allegory,metaphor,simile and other rhetorical means,which is undoubtedly rich in rhetorical elements.But it is not limited to the level of language,but exists in the level of thought and thinking.Here,metaphor is not only a figure of speech,but also a cognitive way.Obviously,this kind of rhetorical activity with allegorical metaphor as its carrier is higher than“linguistic rhetoric”,which is a kind of“thought rhetoric”.It may have new meaning and inspiration to regard“fable metaphor”as a category of“thought rhetoric”.
作者
刘畅
Liu Chang(School of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)
出处
《浙江社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期125-139,共17页
Zhejiang Social Sciences
关键词
修辞学转向
思想修辞
寓言隐喻
《庄子》
rhetoric turn
thought rhetoric
allegorical metaphor
Chuang Tzu
作者简介
刘畅,南开大学文学院教授、博士生导师。(天津300071)
