摘要
磷化氢及其发生物质制剂(磷化铝)是国际粮食储藏中害虫防治应用的主要熏蒸剂。淘汰溴甲烷之后,磷化氢/磷化铝成为国内外粮食仓储行业常规熏蒸杀虫药剂。粮食作为我国关系国计民生的重要商品和战略物质,具有储备量大、储备周期长的特点。害虫的防控是储粮日常作业管理的重点,发生储粮虫害时主要依赖磷化氢熏蒸进行杀虫。我国通过改进仓房设施功能性,完备熏蒸工艺,自主研发创新的磷化氢环流熏蒸技术体系,在提高杀虫效率的同时降低了用药量,目前我国磷化氢应用技术处于国际领先地位并已全面推广应用。在高效、经济的新型熏蒸剂研制应用取得突破性进展之前,我国粮食行业大面积禁用磷化铝,将给粮食储藏和粮食安全带来严峻的考验。未来,应加强磷化氢/磷化铝的应用基础研究,开发双低、混合熏蒸技术,加强抗性本底数据研究分析,严格磷化氢/磷化铝使用管理,确保安全高效使用,服务于我国储粮安全。
Phosphine and aluminum phosphide are the main fumigants used for pest control in global grain storage.After the ban on methyl bromide,phosphine/aluminum phosphide has become a conventional fumigation insecticide in the grain storage industry at home and abroad.As crucial commodity and strategic material related to the national economy and people’s livelihood in China,grain has the characteristics of large reserves and long storage cycle.Pest prevention and control are the focus of daily management of stored grain.Through improving the function of warehouse facilities,the fumigation process,and independently developing and innovating the phosphine cycle fumigation technology system,China has improved the efficiency of insecticide control and reduced the amount of drug used.At present,the application technology of phosphine in China is in the international leading position and has been widely applied.The large-scale ban on aluminum phosphide in China’s grain industry will bring severe tests to grain storage and food security before a breakthrough was made in the development and application of efficient and economical new fumigants.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen basic research on the application of phosphine/aluminum phosphide,develop double-low and mixed fumigation technology,research and analysis of background data of resistance thoroughly,strictly deal with the use of phosphine/aluminum phosphide,ensure safe and efficient use,and servesternly Chinese grain storage security.
作者
单常尧
崔鹏程
郑丹
徐永安
曹阳
张涛
Shan Changyao;Cui Pengcheng;Zheng Dan;Xu Yongan;Cao Yang;Zhang Tao(Grain College,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001;Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,Beijing 100032)
出处
《中国粮油学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第S02期71-76,共6页
Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0805900).
关键词
磷化氢/磷化铝
储粮熏蒸剂
害虫防治
环流熏蒸
储粮安全
phosphine/aluminum
phosphide
grain storage fumigants
pest control
circulation fumigation
grain storage safety
作者简介
单常尧,男,1994年出生,硕士,农业昆虫与害虫防治;通信作者:张涛,男,1982年出生,博士,安全生产
