摘要
谣言的内涵经历了从前互联网时代到网络时代的演变,在不同时代背景下有其相应的理论阐释力,并反映着彼时公众的社会心态。随着风险社会和媒介化社会的到来,重大风险事件框架中的虚假信息,其内涵、结构、测量手段与一般意义上的谣言研究均有所不同。此外,不同的事件类型、不同的发展阶段以及不同的人群在虚假信息传播中呈现出较大的差异性。首先,媒介化社会给虚假信息的泛滥提供了宏观社会语境;其次,虚假信息的媒介化传播深刻影响个体认知心理的不确定性;最后,虚假信息的媒介化传播是引发群体情感结构变迁的重要力量。在重大风险事件中,虚假信息表现出社会情感属性、主观性与企图性、组织性等特征,针对虚假信息的治理也要区别于传统的谣言治理路径,需强化媒介在风险中的主体责任,并通过事实核查手段来预防规模化、产业化和跨国化的信息造假。学界亟须关注重大风险事件语境下的虚假信息传播机制,审思虚假信息的新概念、新特征和新趋势。
The connotation of rumor has undergone a great evolution from the pre-Internet era to the network era,and has its corresponding theoretical interpretation power in the context of different times.Rumors reflect the social mentality of the public at that time.With the arrival of the risk society and mediatized society,disinformation in the framework of major risk events,its connotation,structure,and means of measurement are different from the rumor research in the general sense,and different types of events,different stages of development,and different groups of people rumor dissemination also show greater variability.First,the mediatized society provides a macro-social context for the proliferation of disinformation;second,the mediatized dissemination of disinformation profoundly affects the uncertainty of individual cognitive psychology;and lastly,the mediatized dissemination of disinformation is an important force that triggers the change of the emotional structure of the group.In the context of major risk events,disinformation exhibits social-emotional attributes,subjectivity and intentionality,and organization,etc.The governance of disinformation should also be different from the traditional path of rumor governance,and should strengthen the main responsibility of the media in the risk,as well as prevent large-scale,industrialized and transnational information counterfeiting through the means of fact checking.Academics need to pay urgent attention to the disinformation dissemination mechanism in the context of major risk events,and reflect on the new concepts,characteristics and trends of disinformation.
出处
《中国网络传播研究》
2024年第1期42-59,280-281,共20页
China Computer-Mediated Communication Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“重大风险事件中的社会情绪传播及舆论引导策略研究”(编号:22BXW015)
关键词
重大风险事件
谣言
虚假信息
媒介化社会
信息治理
Major Risk Events
Rumors
Disinformation
Mediatized Society
Information Governance
作者简介
黄贺铂,重庆大学新闻学院副教授、硕士生导师。
