摘要
宽叶酢浆草(Oxalis latifolia Kunth.)为多年生草本植物,原产中南美洲。2007年被列入中国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录。1996年在昆明发现,2017年报道危害作物。为进一步明确该草在云南的分布及其对作物的危害,2018年在云南省内按行政区划开展了该草农田的分布及危害情况的全面调查。采用5级目测法和样方法进行调查,每个区域首先在中心区域查看绿化带是否有该草分布,发现有分布后沿周边查看作物地,如有分布则扩大调查范围查看,直至无分布则停止调查。结果表明,宽叶酢浆草已广泛分布于云南省内,75%区域的地州绿化带中均有该草,发生区的平均出现频率67.5%以上;在昆明、楚雄、大理、保山、红河、曲靖等区域的农田中发生,受害作物包括大豆、玉米、烤烟、马铃薯、辣椒、大蒜等。宽叶酢浆草田间的地上部分高度7.5~20 cm,叶片密度7~159.5片/m^2,平均37.2片/m^2,地下鳞茎3~427.1个/m^2,平均66.7个/m^2。不同作物的受害情况不同,危害最严重的大豆地中宽叶酢浆草危害等级为4级,地上部高达30 cm以上,叶片密度达122株/m^2,地下鳞茎近200个/m^2,危害指数48;危害最严重的烤烟地危害等级3级,平均高度13.5 cm,危害指数26.7,叶片密度34株/m^2,地下鳞茎为139个/m^2。调查表明宽叶酢浆草的入侵已经严重影响农作物生产。
Oxalis latifolia is a perennial herb origin from Central and South America,and has been listed as quarantine pest in China since 2007.It was found in Kunming since 1996 and reported to infest crops in 2017.In order to further clarify the distribution and infestation of the weed to crops in Yunnan Province,a comprehensive investigation was conducted from later spring to autumn of 2018 in Yunnan according to administrative divisions.The method of 5 grading visual measurement and quadrate was used to check firstly whether the weed in the green belt of the central area of each region.If finding the weed distribution then to check the crop field around it.If there is a distribution in the field,then expand the range of investigation and stop until there is no the weed distribution.The results showed that the weed is widely distributed in Yunnan Province.It was found in nearly 75%of the prefectural/municipality green belt with an average occurrence frequency over 67.5%.In Kunming,Chuxiong,Dali,Baoshan,Honghe,Qujing and Yuxi,the weed distributed in crop field and infested crops such as soybean,corn,tobacco,potatoe,pepper,garlic etc.In the fields,the aboveground part height was 7.5-20 cm,leaf density varied from 7 to 159.5 pieces/m2,and the average density was 37.2 leaves/m2.The underground bulbs density varied from 3 to 427.1 bulbs/m2,and average bulb was 66.7 bulbs/m2.Different crops were infested differently.The most seriously affected crop was soybean with hazard grade 4,over 30 cm high of the aboveground part,122 leaves/m2,and 200 bulbs/m2.The hazard index was 48.In flue-cured tobacco field,where the maximum hazard grade of the weed was 3,and the hazard index was 26.7 with13.5 cm average height,34 pieces/m2 leaf density and 139 bulbs/m2.The presence of Oxalis latifolia has seriously affected the growth of crops.
作者
李兴盛
叶雨亭
奚佳诚
李铷
李伟建
郭怡卿
Li Xingsheng;YeYuting;Xi Jiacheng;Li Ru;Li Weijian;Guo Yiqing((College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;National Key Laboratory of Yunnan Biological Resources Conservation and Utilization)
出处
《植物检疫》
北大核心
2020年第2期67-72,共6页
Plant Quarantine
基金
云南农业大学人才引进项目(A2002332)
云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室(2018大学生创新创业)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200703).
关键词
宽叶酢浆草
分布
危害
绿化带
农田
云南
调查
Oxalis latifolia
distribution
infestation
green belt
crop field
Yunnan Province
investigation
作者简介
通信作者:郭怡卿,E-mail:ichinguo@163.com
