“大白事件”之“深描”——从一个地方事件看民国时期边疆民族社会的国家化进程被引量：1

Thick Description of Dajin-Baili Incident——From a Local Incident Perspective to Understand the Nationalization Process of Ethnic Society in Border Area during the Republic of China

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摘要 1930年康区甘孜县境内大金寺与白利地方因十五户差民归属问题发生纠纷,由于大金寺武装侵入白利以及该寺与西藏政教系统的特殊联系,纠纷升级成川康边防军和西藏驻德格藏军参与其中的武装冲突,在班禅方面意图介入、藏方在康扩张的野心和刘文辉方面对康区势力范围的捍卫等因素的合力作用下,又演变成涉及汉藏关系、边防安定、中央与地方权力分配等国家政治层面重大问题的事件。地方传统和现代行政两套权力运行机制的错位以及各行动主体视角、视域的差异使康区传统纠纷调解机制在"大白事件"中近乎失效。总体来看,权力碎片化是该地政治、经济和社会呈现出的基本形态。清末的改土归流并未颠覆康北传统的社会结构和政治形态。民国时期有所改变的只是在原有的权力架构之外另套了一层运行并不良好的县乡行政管理体制和军队驻防制度。行政区划、土司和头人辖区、寺院势力范围彼此交错,众多势力盘根错节,它们在资源有限的环境里始终存在竞争关系,为了在竞争中实现自身利益最大化,因时而异地采取与其他势力争斗或结盟的不同策略。从一个长时段来看,众多势力的彼此竞争与制约维持了社会权力的动态平衡,避免了一家独大局面出现的可能性,从而维持了权力结构的总体稳定。但生于偏僻一隅的地方社会中看似细枝末节的小事在特定的历史条件下也有可能发展成波及面远远超越本地区且影响重大的事件。由"大白事件"可窥见康区原本封闭的地方社会在民国时期以空前的速度、广度和深度与区域、国家深化联系的历史进程。 The Dajin-Baili Incident refers to the dispute between Dajin Temple and Baili in Ganzi County,Kham region in 1930 over the ownership of the people,which led to the fighting between the SichuanTibet border guard army and the Tibetan local government army in Kham region for nearly two years.In that event of a dispute over the attribution of the 15-family between the two sides,the armed invasion of Dajin Temple into domain of Baili and the special connection between Dajin temple and the political and religious system in the Tibet have escalated into armed conflict between the Sichuan-Tibet border army and the Tibetan army positioned in Dege area.Furthermore,with the intention of intervention of the Panchen Lama,coupled by the combining reasons of the Tibetan army’s ambition in Kham area expansion and the defense of Liu Wenhui,the incident involved into an important issue concerning the relationship between the Han and the Tibetan,the stability of the border are,the distribution of the central and the local power,and so on.The dislocation of the two sets of power operation mechanisms of local tradition and modern administration,as well as the different perspectives of each actors make the traditional dispute mediation mechanism in Kham area nonfunctional in the Dajin-Bailib incident.On the whole,the fragmentation of power is the basic form of politics,economy and society.The land conversion in the late Qing Dynasty did not subvert the traditional social structure and political form ofnorthern Kham area.During the period of the Republic of China,there was only a set of county and township administrative management system and military garrison system affiliated to the original power structure.The overlapping domain of administrative division,the jurisdiction of the chieftain and headman,the scope of the power of the temple were competing each other to gain limited resources,and maximize their own interests.From a long term perspective,the competition and restriction of various forces maintain the dynamic balance of social power,and avoid the possibility of a dominant situation,and thus secure an overall stability of the power structure.However,it is also observed that small things born in a remote corner of the society may also develop into events that affect far beyond the domain of the single place and have great influence under certain historical conditions.From the Dajin-Baili incident,we can see the historical process of the connection between the local society in Kham and the country at an unprecedented speed,depth and scale during the period of the Republic of China.

作者王蓓 WANG Bei(Institute of Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732;Institute of Ethnicity,Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences,850000)

机构地区中国社会科学院文学研究所西藏社会科学院民族研究所

出处《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2020年第1期146-160,共15页 Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

关键词 “大白事件” 康区大金寺权力碎片化地方社会深描 Dajin-Baili Incident Kham Dajin Temple power fragmentation local society thick description

分类号 D693.72 [政治法律—中外政治制度] K263 [历史地理—中国史]

作者简介王蓓(1979—),女,陕西西安人。中国社会科学院文学研究所、西藏社会科学院民族研究所助理研究员,文学博士。