边境态势与政区性质:清代广西龙州“改土归流”辨析被引量：1

Border Situation and Nature of Administrative Area:an Analysis of “the Bureaucratization of Native Officers” System in Longzhou of Guangxi in Qing Dynasty

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摘要雍正三年(1725),在清廷大规模推动“改土归流”的时代背景下,龙州土州被分解为上、下龙土巡检司。雍正七年,下龙土巡检赵墉因举止贪劣而遭到革职,因承袭无人,太平府通判暂摄理下龙土巡检司政务,从此却变成常驻。至乾隆初年,安南北部陷入动乱,奉命备边的地方官员察觉到下龙土巡检司不合常理的政治生态。同时,地方“复土”势力利用空悬多年的土巡检之位不断地制造阴谋、欺诈民众而从中取利。清廷针对此状况做出回应,将土巡检之印销毁以绝后患,但否定了下龙土巡检司升为州县的动议。乾隆末年,安南内战已经决出胜负,西山朝君主阮惠请求重新开放中越边境贸易,广西边境获得解禁。出于加强稽查边境的考虑,清廷将太平府通判改为同知,其驻地下龙土巡检司也改设为“龙州厅”,从而使下龙地方的行政建置与内地趋于一致,结束了自雍正七年以来近七十年非土非流的政区形态,并对当地民众的科举应试程序产生影响。透视这一过程对于理解边疆地区“改土归流”的定义以及诠释有所裨益。 In the third year of Yongzheng’s reign during the Qing Dynasty in 1725,under the background of the large-scale promotion of“bureaucratization of native officers”in the early Qing Dynasty,Longzhou Tuzhou was decomposed into Shanglong(upper Long)and Xialong(lower Long)Tu inspection departments.In the seventh year of Yongzheng’s reign,Zhao Yong,the chief of lower Long Tu inspection officer was dismissed because of corruption and laid behavior.Due to the vacancy for the timebeing,Tongpan of Taipingfu temporarily took charge of the affairs of lower Long Tu inspection department instead,and then gradually became permanant.It was until the early years of Qianlong’s reign when northern part of Annan was in turmoil,local officials guarding the border area started to realize the strange political environment of the lower Long Tu inspection department.At the same time,local forces intending for“restoring hereditary tusi system”had crafted plots and took advantage of cheating the public for many years.To address this situation,the Qing court destroyed the seal of Tu inspection,but denied the local’s attempt in promoting lower Long Tu inspection division to the prefecture and county level department.At the end of Qianlong’s reign,the civil war in Annan had results and Ruan Hui,the monarch of Xishan dynasty requested to reopen the Sino-Vietnam border trade,thus the ban on Guangxi border was lifted accordingly.In order to strengthen the inspection of the border,the Qing government changed the Tongpan of Taiping to Tongzhi,and the lower Long Tu inspection apartment was also changed into“Longzhou”department,which made the administrative construction of the local administration in lower Long Tu consistent with that of the central government.It ended the form of the awkward situation of“non-local tusi”,“non-central administrative”situation during the seventy years starting from the seventh year of Yongzheng’s reign and had an impact on the imperial examination procedures for the local public.The perspective of this process is helpful to understand the definition and interpretation of“the bureaucratization of native officers”in the border areas inside China.

作者黄粲茗郑维宽 HUANG Can-ming;ZHENG Wei-kuan(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning,Guangxi 530006)

机构地区广西民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出处《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第2期147-155,共9页 Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基金国家社会科学基金西部项目“唐代以来左右江流域的政治空间塑造与地域社会变迁”(项目编号:20XZS022)阶段性成果

关键词清朝政区沿革广西改土归流龙州 Qing Dynasty the evolution of administrative region Guangxi bureaucratization of native officers Longzhou

分类号 D691.2 [政治法律—中外政治制度] K249 [历史地理—中国史]

作者简介黄粲茗,广西民族大学民族学与社会学学院博士研究生;郑维宽,广西民族大学民族学与社会学学院教授,博士生导师。