摘要
目的:揭示太白贝母(Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li)开花物候和交配系统对其有性生殖过程的影响。方法:对太白贝母花部特征和开花物候进行定点观测,对交配系统进行人工授粉试验检测。结果:太白贝母花单生,花期在每年3月下旬至5月上旬,群体开花物候期在45~50 d,单花花期14~16 d,开花模式属于持续开花式样;雌雄异位,花朵开放时花药高度已固定,而柱头继续向外伸长,花朵盛开时雌蕊比雄蕊长(5.06±1.19)mm;太白贝母花粉胚珠比为1648.67±649.07,杂交指数为4,繁育系统类型属于兼性异交型,自交、异交结实率均较高,去雄套袋结实率为0。结论:太白贝母自交、异交亲和,不存在无融合生殖,需要传粉者,自然条件下结实率较其他处理结实率高,人工辅助授粉可在缺少传粉媒介时提高结实率。本研究结果可为太白贝母的引种栽培和良种繁育奠定基础。
Objective:To investigate the effects of flowering phenology and mating system on sexual reproduction of Fritillaria taipaiensis.Methods:The floral characteristics and flowering phenology of Fritillaria taipaiensis were observed at fixed points,the mating system was tested by artificial pollination.Results:The Fritillaria taibaiensis had single flowers,the flowering period was from late March to early May,the population flowering phenological period was 45 to 50 days,single flower period was 14 to 16 days.The flowering pattern belonged to continuous flowering pattern.Pistil and stamen were ectopic.Anther height was fixed when flowers opened,while stigma continued to extend outward.When flowers bloomed,pistil was(5.06±1.19)mm longer than stamen.The ratio of pollen to ovule of Fritillaria taipaiensis was 1648.67±649.07,the Outcrossing index was 4,the type of breeding system belonged to facultative outcrossing type,the seed setting rates of self-crossing and outcrossing were high,the seed setting rate of emasculating and bagging was 0.Conclusion:There is no apomictic reproduction in Fritillaria taipaiensis with self-pollination and cross-pollination compatibility,and pollinators are needed.The seed setting rate under natural conditions is higher than that of other treatments,artificial assisted pollination can improve the seed setting rate in the absence of pollinating media.The results of this study can lay the foundation for the introduction and cultivation of Fritillaria taipaiensis and the breeding of fine varieties.
作者
杨秋雄
彭锐
孙年喜
余成华
梁艳丽
YANG Qiu-xiong;PENG Rui;SUN Nian-xi;YU Cheng-hua;LIANG Yan-li(National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Utilization&Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest,Yunnan Agricultural University/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology/College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Kunming 650201,China;Chongqing Accademy of Chinese Materia Medica,Chongqing 400065,China)
出处
《中药材》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第4期787-792,共6页
Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials
基金
重庆市科技兴林项目(渝林科2019-7)
中央财政林业改革发展资金科技推广资金项目(渝林科推[2016-08号])
重庆市卫计委项目(ZY201802119)
关键词
太白贝母
开花物候
花部结构
交配系统
Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li
Flowering phenology
Flower structure
Mating system
作者简介
杨秋雄(1997-),男,在读硕士研究生,专业方向:植物资源利用研究,Tel:18184877869;通讯作者:梁艳丽,E-mail:liangyanlimt@sina.com。
