摘要
“连”字句是汉语特殊句式之一。本文运用韵律格局的思想,针对“连NP都VP”结构位于句中位置的“连”字句进行实验分析,对10位汉语母语发音人的发音从音高、音长、音强三方面考察韵律焦点分布模式。实验结果表明:“连”字句中“连”字结构(连NP)为韵律焦点,表现为音高调域大幅扩展、音长显著加长、音强显著增强,表现出较强的对比性。“连”字参与焦点表现,为焦点标记词,对焦点前的成分影响较小。“都”字参与焦点表现较为有限,在音高、音长、音强三方面均无显著表现。韵律三要素在焦点后位置表现不同步,音高和音强表现较为一致,而音长的独立性较强。
The Lian-sentence is a key and difficult point in the study of Chinese special sentence patterns.The common form is“Lian...Dou/Ye...”,which involves three very important words“Lian”,“Dou”and“Ye”.As a function word in Chinese,“Lian”has a lot of controversies about its part of speech and grammaticalization process,which have not been finalized yet;“Dou”and“Ye”,as very important adverbs in Chinese,also bring many complex research problems to sentence patterns.The grammatical significance of Lian-sentence lies in emphasizing polarity and implicit comparison,giving implicit meanings,which has been basically recognized by the academic community.But there are great differences in previous research.Most of the academic research on Lian-sentence is focused on grammar,semantics and pragmatics,lacking analysis and description from the perspective of phonetics.Based on the concept of prosodic pattern,the present paper explored the prosodic focus of Lian-construction at the middle of asentence,of which the structural form is“Lian NP Dou VP”.We designed two sets of experimental corpus for comparison studies,and investigated 10 native Chinese speakers on pitch,duration and intensity,to explore the prosodic focus pattern and to take a closer look on the relation among three elements of prosodic focus.The results showed that Lian-construction(Lian NP)is the focus of this sentence pattern,with significant expansion in pitch and duration,and enhanced intensity,showing evident contrast.Due to larger loadings of information on Lian-construction at the middle of asentence,it turns into a contrastive focus.Although this construction does not locate the topic position at the beginning of sentence,the focus effect also occurs with expanding in pitch range,extending in duration and enhancing in intensity,to form a stronger contrast.Moreover,post-focus position sees compressing in pitch range,decreasing in duration and reducing in intensity,natural focus changes ihto the highlight of focus,representing a stronger contrast.According to quantitative analysis of prosodic features,“Lian”participates in focus performance,as a focus-sensitive operator,and has a little impact on pre-focus component.“Dou”participates in a more limited focus performance in the middle of a sentence,inferior to the evident focus performance of“Lian”,with no significant effect on pitch range,duration and intensity.The NP construction is the focus of sentence pattern,as correlative component of“Dou”,making a focus performance in pitch,duration and intensity,and post-focus position performance as compressing in pitch range,decreasing in duration and reducing in intensity.The three elements of prosodic focus perform differently on focus position and post-focus position.The three elements of prosodic focus are relatively synchronized on focus performance,while on post-focus position,pitch and intensity perform consistently while duration is more independent,indicating that the three elements of prosodic focus are not equivalent and unbalanced in sentence with focus construction.
作者
温宝莹
东韡妍
WEN Baoying;DONG Weiyan
出处
《中国语音学报》
2022年第2期87-99,共13页
Chinese Journal of Phonetics
基金
2022年国际中文教育研究课题“不同母语背景学习者的韵律感知和发展格局”(22YH43B)
2021年南开大学文科发展基金科学研究类项目“汉语普通话儿童的语音发展”
2021年亚洲研究中心资助项目“普通话儿童汉语元音感知的精细化发展”(AS2103)的阶段性研究成果
作者简介
温宝莹,南开大学汉语言文化学院,教授,主要研究领域为实验语音学、语言习得。Email:hywby@nankai.edu.cn;东韡妍,南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,教师(思教),主要研究方向为实验语音学。Email:dongweiyan@nankai.edu.cn
