摘要
中介语元音系统是一个相对特殊且独立的语音体系,其建构次序具有内部一致性,体现规律性、系统性。本文采用声学实验的研究方法,在汉泰元音格局对比分析的基础上,辅之对泰国学生汉语一级元音习得离散率的测算,从元音声位图、相对位置表现及离散率三个角度出发,对不同汉语水平的泰国学生习得汉语一级元音时的建构规律进行了考察。研究表明:(1)泰国学生汉语一级元音语音范畴建构的先后次序大致可具化为:/u/>/a/>/i/>/γ/>/y/>/ɿ/>/ʅ/;(2)母语与目的语间相似元音语音范畴的建构要早于新元音;(3)标记性弱的元音的建构次序要先于标记性强的元音;(4)该研究结果进一步佐证了对比分析假说、标记性假说及新迁移理论中的相关论断。
The intermediate language vowel system,a distinctive and self-contained phonetic structure,demonstrates a consistent internal construction order reflecting systematicity and regularity.Current empirical research predominantly focuses on the acoustic analysis of Mandarin Chinese vowel acquisition among international students.While some researchers examine vowel phoneme mapping,others analyze construction patterns within the intermediate language vowel system using dispersion calculation methods.However,it is essential to acknowledge that international students'construction of the Mandarin Chinese vowel system is influenced not only by their native language background but also by their proficiency in Chinese.Diverse research methods provide mutual verification from multiple perspectives,enriching our understanding of the underlying principles.Drawing from teaching experiences in Thailand,this paper aims to comprehensively grasp Thai students'error performance in acquiring basic Chinese vowels and explore construction order and inherent regularities within the intermediate language vowel system across different Chinese proficiency levels.To achieve this,an acoustic experimental research method is proposed.By comparatively analyzing Mandarin-Thai vowel patterns and investigating the dispersion rate of Thai students'production of Chinese basic vowels,this paper seeks to uncover manifestations of native language transfer in Thai students'acquisition of Chinese vowels.Furthermore,it aims to elucidate stage appearances and intrinsic characteristics of developing the intermediate language vowel system among Thai students'basic Chinese vowels.These insights will facilitate more effective Chinese vowel teaching for Thai students.The research findings confirm hypotheses of Comparative Analysis,Markedness Hypothesis,and relevant assertions in the New Transfer Theory.Specifically,the approximate order of construction of vowel phonetic categories among Thai students in Mandarin Chinese can be conceptualized as/u/>/a/>/i/>/γ/>/y/>/ɿ/>/ʅ/,with construction patterns showing internal consistency across different levels of Chinese proficiency.Vowel categories similar to native and target languages are constructed earlier than new vowels.For instance,the vowels/i,u,a/in both phonetic systems are pronounced similarly,making them the most difficult to acquire due to subtle acoustic differences.Learners tend to assimilate them directly into their native language system,establishing their phonetic categories early on,albeit struggling to align with the native language fully.Vowels with weak markedness are constructed before those with strong markedness.The vowels/i,u,a,γ/in Mandarin Chinese are prevalent in other language systems worldwide,exhibiting weak markedness and low acquisition difficulty,leading to earlier and more stable construction of phonetic categories.Conversely,vowels like/y,ɿ,ʅ/,especially the apical vowels/ɿ,ʅ/,unique to Mandarin Chinese,display strong markedness,making acquisition more challenging and construction of phonetic categories occurring relatively later.
作者
郝翠雪
吕明
HAO Cuixue;LU Ming
出处
《中国语音学报》
2023年第2期13-24,共12页
Chinese Journal of Phonetics
关键词
元音格局
离散率
建构次序
母语迁移
语音习得
Vowel pattern
Dispersion rate
Construction order
Mother tongue transfer
Phonetic acquisition
作者简介
郝翠雪,硕士,东北师范大学国际汉学院在读硕士研究生,主要研究领域为实验语音学、L1&L2语音习得。Email:2731969101@qq.com;通讯作者:吕明,博士,东北师范大学国际汉学院副教授,主要研究领域包括语音产出、二语习得、国际中文教育,Email:1090442094@qq.com
