摘要
【目的】对丽江三义国际机场植被开展鸟类适宜性研究,以降低鸟击对飞行安全带来的潜在风险。【方法】采用样方法对机场夏季和冬季植被进行调查,从重要值、植株高度、食物关系等方面综合评价了植物的鸟类适宜指数。【结果】丽江机场存在的植物种类有50余种,分属于20个科,以禾本科、豆科和菊科为主,夏季群落较冬季群落丰富,机场内鸟类适宜指数高的植物种类少,以中度适宜指数植物为主,在冬季占植物总数的53.7%。在夏季和冬季,红车轴草(Trifolium pratense)、截叶铁扫帚(Lespedeza cuneata)、白车轴草(Trifolium repens)、百脉根(Lotus corniculatus)、毛花雀稗(Paspalum dilatatum)等植物对鸟的适宜度较高。【结论】丽江机场应引种生态价值高、鸟类适宜指数低的草种。在管理中,加大草地修剪频率,喷施生长抑制剂,降低植株生长高度,以减少种子的形成;及时排出草地积水,地表干燥时进行碾压,挖除高草丛,进一步降低鸟类适宜指数。
[Purpose]The bird suitability of vegetation in Lijiang Sanyi International Airport was studied in order to reduce the potential airplane strike from birds. [ Method] Quadrat sampling method was performed in the airport vegetation in summer and winter. Bird fit index of each plant species was assessed according to plant important value, height and food relation. [Result]Over 50 plant species from 20 families distributed in Sanyi Airport, mainly belonged to Gramineae, Leguminosae and Compositae. Compared with the community in winter, the plant community in summer was much more abundant. There are few plant species with the most suitable bird fit index, while most plants can be classified into moderate bird fit index species. The proportion of moderate bird fit index plants in winter amount up 53.7%. Of species investigated, Trifolium pratense, Lespedeza cuneata, Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus, Paspalum dilatatum were highly suitable for birds in both summer and winter. [Conclusion]It is very necessary for Lijiang Airport to introduce ecological important grasses which have low bird fit index. Seed maturation can be inhibited through increase of mowing frequency and spraying growth inhibitors which lead to reduction of plant height.Moreover, approaches such as drainage of accumulated water on the grassland, rolling dry surface,digging out high grasses, will contribute to further reducing vegetation suitability to birds.
作者
杨春勐
代微然
李家宬
张金侨
任健
YANG Chunmeng;DAI Weiran;LI Jiadong;ZHANG Jinqiao;REN Jian(Department of Grassland sciences,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Bird Strike Prevention Team of Lijiang Sanyi International Airport,Lijiang 674199,China)
出处
《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期331-337,共7页
Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science
基金
云南机场集团项目(KX141520)
作者简介
第一作者:杨春勐(1989—),男,云南保山人,硕士,主要从事草地生态学研究。E-mail:yangchm0626@163.com;第一作者:代微然(1974—),女,四川乐山人,实验师,主要从事牧草种质资源研究。E-mail:iced_d@ynau.edu.cn;通信作者:任健(1971—),男,四川乐山人,博士,教授,主要从事草业科学专业的教学和科研工作。E-mail:renjian172@126.com
