摘要
Communicating on millimeter wave(mmWave)bands is ushering in a new epoch of mobile communication which provides the availability of 10 Gbps high data rate transmission.However,mmWave links are easily prone to short transmission range communication because of the serious free space path loss and the blockage by obstacles.To overcome these challenges,highly directional beams are exploited to achieve robust links by hybrid beamforming.Accurately aligning the transmitter and receiver beams,i.e.beam training,is vitally important to high data rate transmission.However,it may cause huge overhead which has negative effects on initial access,handover,and tracking.Besides,the mobility patterns of users are complicated and dynamic,which may cause tracking error and large tracking latency.An efficient beam tracking method has a positive effect on sustaining robust links.This article provides an overview of the beam training and tracking technologies on mmWave bands and reveals the insights for future research in the 6th Generation(6G)mobile network.Especially,some open research problems are proposed to realize fast,accurate,and robust beam training and tracking.We hope that this survey provides guidelines for the researchers in the area of mmWave communications.
基金
supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 92267202
in part by the Municipal Government of Quzhou under Grant 2023D027
in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62321001
in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2020YFA0711303
in part by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant Z220004.
作者简介
Wang Yi,received the B.Eng.degree from Beijing Jiaotong University(BJTU),Beijing,China,in 2018,and the Ph.D degree from the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(BUPT),Beijing,China,in 2023.He is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher with Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Quzhou),University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,and also with the School of Information and Communication Engineering,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.His research interest includes mmWave communication,joint communication and sensing network,and resource allocation;corresponding author:Wei Zhiqing,received the B.Eng.and Ph.D degrees from the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(BUPT),Beijing,China,in 2010 and 2015,respectively.He is an Associate Professor with BUPT.He has authored one book,three book chapters,and more than 50 papers.His research interest is the performance analysis and optimization of intelligent machine networks.He was granted the Exemplary Reviewer of IEEE Wireless Communications Letters in 2017,the Best Paper Award of WCSP 2018.He was the Registration Co-Chair of IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018,the publication Co-Chair of IEEE/CIC ICCC 2019 and IEEE/CIC ICCC 2020,email:weizhiqing@bupt.edu.cn;Feng Zhiyong,received the B.S.,M.S.,and Ph.D degrees from the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(BUPT),Beijing,China.She is currently a Professor with the School of Information and Communication Engineering,BUPT,and the Director of the Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications,Ministry of Education,China.Her research interests include wireless network architecture design and radio resource management in 5th generation mobile networks(5G),spectrum sensing and dynamic spectrum management in cognitive wireless networks,universal signal detection and identification,and network information theory.She is active in standards development,such as ITU-R WP5A/5C/5D,IEEE 1900,ETSI,and CCSA.
