摘要
With the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART),a dramatic reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality has been observed.However,it is now becoming increasingly clear that liver-related complications,particularly rapid fibrosis development from ART as well as from the chronic HIV infection itself,are of serious concern to HIV patients.The pathophysiology of liver fibrosis in patients with HIV is a multifactorial process whereby persistent viral replication,and bacterial translocation lead to chronic immune activation and inflammation,which ART is unable to fully suppress,promoting production of fibrinogenic mediators and fibrosis.In addition,mitochondrial toxicity,triggered by both ART and HIV,contributes to intrahepatic damage,which is even more severe in patients co-infected with viral hepatitis.In recent years,new insights into the mechanisms of accelerated fibrosis and liver disease progression in HIV has been obtained,and these are detailed and discussed in this review.
With the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART),a dramatic reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality has been observed.However,it is now becoming increasingly clear that liver-related complications,particularly rapid fibrosis development from ART as well as from the chronic HIV infection itself,are of serious concern to HIV patients.The pathophysiology of liver fibrosis in patients with HIV is a multifactorial process whereby persistent viral replication,and bacterial translocation lead to chronic immune activation and inflammation,which ART is unable to fully suppress,promoting production of fibrinogenic mediators and fibrosis.In addition,mitochondrial toxicity,triggered by both ART and HIV,contributes to intrahepatic damage,which is even more severe in patients co-infected with viral hepatitis.In recent years,new insights into the mechanisms of accelerated fibrosis and liver disease progression in HIV has been obtained,and these are detailed and discussed in this review.
基金
Funded in part by the Virgo consortium,the Dutch government(project number FES0908 to AB)
the American College of Gastroenterology
the United States'National Institutes of Health(grant AI096925 to PRB)
