Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable elec...Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable electronic devices.The technology has been developed rapidly to overcome the high cost and low power performance that hinder its practical application,which mainly originated from the slow reaction kinetics of the formic acid oxidation and complex mass transfer within the fuel cell electrodes.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress around this technology,in particular for addressing multiscale challenges from catalytic mechanism understanding at the atomic scale,to catalyst design at the nanoscale,electrode structure at the micro scale and design at the millimeter scale,and finally to device fabrication at the meter scale.The gap between the highly active electrocatalysts and the poor electrode performance in practical devices is highlighted.Finally,perspectives and opportunities are proposed to potentially bridge this gap for further development of this technology.展开更多
Ammonia(NH3)is a carbon-free,hydrogen-rich chemical related to global food safety,clean energy,and environmental protection.As an essential technology for meeting the requirements raised by such issues,NH3 capture has...Ammonia(NH3)is a carbon-free,hydrogen-rich chemical related to global food safety,clean energy,and environmental protection.As an essential technology for meeting the requirements raised by such issues,NH3 capture has been intensively explored by researchers in both fundamental and applied fields.The four typical methods used are(1)solvent absorption by ionic liquids and their derivatives,(2)adsorption by porous solids,(3)abadsorption by porous liquids,and(4)membrane separation.Rooted in the development of advanced materials for NH3 capture,we conducted a coherent review of the design of different materials,mainly in the past 5 years,their interactions with NH3 molecules and construction of transport pathways,as well as the structure–property relationship,with specific examples discussed.Finally,the challenges in current research and future worthwhile directions for NH3 capture materials are proposed.展开更多
Blast furnace gas(BFG)is an important by-product energy for the iron and steel industry and has been widely used for heating or electricity generation.However,the undesirable contaminants in BFG(especially H_(2)S)gene...Blast furnace gas(BFG)is an important by-product energy for the iron and steel industry and has been widely used for heating or electricity generation.However,the undesirable contaminants in BFG(especially H_(2)S)generate harmful environmental emissions.The desulfurization of BFG is urgent for integrated steel plants due to the stringent ultra-low emission standards.Compared with other desulfurization materials,zeolite-based adsorbents represent a viable option with low costs and long service life.In this study,an ammonia-induced CuO modified 13X adsorbent(NH_(3)–CuO/13X)was prepared for H_(2)S removal from simulated BFG at low temperature.The XRD,H_(2)-TPR and TEM analysis proved that smaller CuO particles were formed and the dispersion of Cu on the surface of 13X zeolite was improved via the induction of ammonia.Evaluation on H_(2)S adsorption performance of the adsorbent was carried out using simulated BFG,and the results showed that NH_(3)–CuO/13X-3 has better breakthrough sulfur capacity,which was more than twice the sulfur capacity of CuO/13X.It is proposed that the enhanced desulfurization performance of NH_(3)–CuO/13X is attributed to an abundant pore of 13X,and combined action of 13X and CuO.This work provided an effective way to improve the sulfur capacity of zeolite-based adsorbents via impregnation method by ammonia induction.展开更多
基金sponsored by a PhD Scholarship from the School of Chemical Engineering at the University of Birminghamsupported by EU H2020-MSCAIF-2019 project EconCell 898486
文摘Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport.They have been expected to be a future power source for portable electronic devices.The technology has been developed rapidly to overcome the high cost and low power performance that hinder its practical application,which mainly originated from the slow reaction kinetics of the formic acid oxidation and complex mass transfer within the fuel cell electrodes.Here,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress around this technology,in particular for addressing multiscale challenges from catalytic mechanism understanding at the atomic scale,to catalyst design at the nanoscale,electrode structure at the micro scale and design at the millimeter scale,and finally to device fabrication at the meter scale.The gap between the highly active electrocatalysts and the poor electrode performance in practical devices is highlighted.Finally,perspectives and opportunities are proposed to potentially bridge this gap for further development of this technology.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178357)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020047)the research fund of State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering(MESO-23-A07,MESO-23-T02)。
文摘Ammonia(NH3)is a carbon-free,hydrogen-rich chemical related to global food safety,clean energy,and environmental protection.As an essential technology for meeting the requirements raised by such issues,NH3 capture has been intensively explored by researchers in both fundamental and applied fields.The four typical methods used are(1)solvent absorption by ionic liquids and their derivatives,(2)adsorption by porous solids,(3)abadsorption by porous liquids,and(4)membrane separation.Rooted in the development of advanced materials for NH3 capture,we conducted a coherent review of the design of different materials,mainly in the past 5 years,their interactions with NH3 molecules and construction of transport pathways,as well as the structure–property relationship,with specific examples discussed.Finally,the challenges in current research and future worthwhile directions for NH3 capture materials are proposed.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant.22076189)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3707003)the Joint Fund of Yulin University and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(Grant.YLU-DNL Fund 2022003).
文摘Blast furnace gas(BFG)is an important by-product energy for the iron and steel industry and has been widely used for heating or electricity generation.However,the undesirable contaminants in BFG(especially H_(2)S)generate harmful environmental emissions.The desulfurization of BFG is urgent for integrated steel plants due to the stringent ultra-low emission standards.Compared with other desulfurization materials,zeolite-based adsorbents represent a viable option with low costs and long service life.In this study,an ammonia-induced CuO modified 13X adsorbent(NH_(3)–CuO/13X)was prepared for H_(2)S removal from simulated BFG at low temperature.The XRD,H_(2)-TPR and TEM analysis proved that smaller CuO particles were formed and the dispersion of Cu on the surface of 13X zeolite was improved via the induction of ammonia.Evaluation on H_(2)S adsorption performance of the adsorbent was carried out using simulated BFG,and the results showed that NH_(3)–CuO/13X-3 has better breakthrough sulfur capacity,which was more than twice the sulfur capacity of CuO/13X.It is proposed that the enhanced desulfurization performance of NH_(3)–CuO/13X is attributed to an abundant pore of 13X,and combined action of 13X and CuO.This work provided an effective way to improve the sulfur capacity of zeolite-based adsorbents via impregnation method by ammonia induction.
