Background:In our previous study,a strain EBS03 with good biocontrol potential was screened out of 48 strains of cotton endophyte Bacillus subtilis by evaluating the controlling effect against cotton Verticillium wilt...Background:In our previous study,a strain EBS03 with good biocontrol potential was screened out of 48 strains of cotton endophyte Bacillus subtilis by evaluating the controlling effect against cotton Verticillium wilt.However,its mechanism for controlling Verticillium wilt remains unclear.The objective of this study was to further clarify its con-trolling effect and mechanism against cotton Verticillium wilt.Results:The results of confrontation culture test and double buckle culture test showed that the inhibitory effects of EBS03 volatile and nonvolatile metabolite on mycelium growth of Verticillium dahliae were 70.03%and 59.00%,respectively;the inhibitory effects of sporulation and microsclerotia germination were 47.16%and 70.06%,respec-tively.In the greenhouse test,the EBS03 fermentation broth root irrigation had the highest controlling effect at 87.11%on cotton Verticillium wilt,and significantly promoted the growth of cotton seedlings.In the field experi-ment,the controlling effect of EBS03 fermentation broth to cotton Verticillium wilt was 42.54%at 60 days after cotton sowing,and the boll number per plant and boll weight in EBS03 fermentation broth seed soaking,root irrigation,and spraying treatments significantly increased by 19.48%and 7.42%,30.90%and 2.62%,15.99%and 9.20%,respec-tively.Furthermore,EBS03 improved the resistance of cotton leaves against the infection of V.dahliae,and induced the outbreak of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of callose.In addition,the results of real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)detection showed that EBS03 significantly induced upregulation expression level of defense-related genes PAL,POD,PPO,and PR10 in cotton leaves,enhanced cotton plant resistance to V.dahliae,and inhibited colonization level of this fungal pathogen in cotton.Conclusion:Bacillus subtilis EBS03 has a good biological defense capability,which can inhibit the growth and coloni-zation level of V.dahliae,and activate the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt,thus increase cotton yield.展开更多
Verticillium wilt,caused by the notorious fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae,is one of the main limiting factors for cotton production.Due to the stable dormant structure microsclerotia,long-term variability and co-...Verticillium wilt,caused by the notorious fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae,is one of the main limiting factors for cotton production.Due to the stable dormant structure microsclerotia,long-term variability and co-evolution with host plant,its pathogenicity mechanism is very complicated,and the interaction mechanism between pathogen and host plant is also unclear.So identification and functional analysis of the genes involved in the pathogenicity or virulence of this fungus will benefit to uncover the molecular pathogenic mechanism of V.dahliae.In this review,many multifunction genes covering microsclerotia development,pathogen infection,effector proteins,transcription factors,horizontal gene transfer and trans-kingdom RNA silencing have been summarized to provide a theoretical basis to deep understand the molecular pathogenicity mechanism of V.dahliae and promote to effectively control Verticillium wilt.Furtherly,these pathogenicity-related genes may be considered as targets for effective control of Verticillium wilt in cotton.展开更多
Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollinat...Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollination.This study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2) hybrids to improve upland cotton production through a comparative evaluation of hybrid generations.Results:Eight upland cotton varieties were analyzed and crosses were made according to NCII incomplete diallel cross-breeding design in two cotton belts of China.Variance analysis revealed significant differences in agronomic,yield,and fiber quality in both generations and environments.The broad-sense heritability of agronomic and yield traits was relatively higher than quality traits.Furthermore,the narrow-sense heritability of some traits was higher in F_(2) than in the F_(1) generation in both cotton belts.Overall,parental lines Zhong901,ZB,L28,and Z98 were observed with maximum combining ability while combinations with strong special combining ability were ZB×DT,L28×Z98,and ZB×851.The yield traits heterosis was predominant in both generations.However,the level of heterosis was altered with trait,hybrid combination,generation,and environment.Interestingly,L28×Z98 performed outstandingly in Anyang.Its lint yield(LY)was 24.2%higher in F_(1) and 11.6%in F_(2) than that of the control Ruiza 816.The performance of SJ48×Z98 was excellent in Aral which showed 36.5%higher LY in F_(2)and 10.9%in F_(2)than control CCRI 49.Further results revealed most hybrid combinations had shown a low level of heterosis for agronomic and fiber quality traits in both generations.Comparatively,ZB×DT and L28×Z98 showed hybrid vigor for multiple traits in both generations and cotton belts.It is feasible to screen strong heterosis hybrid combinations with fine fiber in early generations.In the two environments,the correlation of some traits showed the same trend,and the correlation degree of Anyang site was higher than that of Aral site,and the correlation of some traits showed the opposite trend.According to the performance of strong heterosis hybrid combinations in different environments,the plant type,yield and fiber traits associated with them can be improved according to the correlation.Conclusions:Through comparative analysis of variance,combining ability,and heterosis in F_(2)and F_(2)hybrids in different cotton belts,this study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2)hybrids to improve upland cotton productivity in China.展开更多
Background： Large quantities of nitrogen （N） fertilizer applied to cotton cropping systems support high yields but cause adverse environmental impacts such as N20 emission and water eutrophication. The development ...Background： Large quantities of nitrogen （N） fertilizer applied to cotton cropping systems support high yields but cause adverse environmental impacts such as N20 emission and water eutrophication. The development of cotton cultivars with higher N use efficiencies suitable for low-N conditions is therefore important for sustainable production. In this study, we evaluated 100 cotton genotypes in 2016 for N use efficiency and related traits at the seedling stage. Methods： Sand culture experiment was conducted with low N levels （0.01 g.kg i） or normal N levels （0.1 g.kg i）. We investigated plant height, SPAD value （soil plant analysis development chlorophyll meter）, dry weight, N accumulation, N utilization efficiency, and N uptake efficiency. Through descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and heatmap clustering analysis, we confirmed the evaluation index system of N-efficient genotypes and the classification of N-efficient genotypes. Results： Significant differences were observed among N levels and genotypes for all agronomic traits and N levels. Coefficients of variation varied greatly and ranged from 6.7N28.8 and 7.4N20.8 under low-N and normal-N treatment, respectively. All traits showed highly significant positive correlations with each other, except SPAD value. The principal components under both N levels were similar, showing that total dry weight, aboveground dry weight, total N accumulation, and N uptake efficiency were important components. We confirmed these four traits as suitable screening indexes for low N tolerance. Based on the results of heatmap clustering and scatter diagram analysis of N efficiency value, 10 genotypes were found low-N tolerant, in which five varieties were inefficient under both low and normal N conditions, while four varieties were found efficient under low-N conditions but inefficient under normal-N conditions. Only one variety was efficient under both low and normal-N conditions. Meanwhile, 20 genotypes were identified as low-N sensitive ones, in which 19 genotypes were inefficient under low-N conditions but efficient under normal-N conditions, one variety was inefficient under both low and normal-N conditions. Conclusion： We preliminarily identified Kashi as a low-N tolerant and N-efficient cotton genotype, and CCRI 64 as a low- N sensitive and N-inefficient cotton genotype. Further studies should be carried out to verify the yield and heritability effect of specific genotypes in the field.展开更多
Background:Cotton is an important fiber crop worldwide.The yield potential of current genotypes of cotton can be exploited through hybridization.However,to develop superior hybrids with high yield and fiber quality tr...Background:Cotton is an important fiber crop worldwide.The yield potential of current genotypes of cotton can be exploited through hybridization.However,to develop superior hybrids with high yield and fiber quality traits,information of genetic control of traits is prerequisite.Therefore,genetic analysis plays pivotal role in plant breeding.Results:In present study,North Carolina II mating design was used to cross 5 female parents with 6 male parents to produce 30 intraspecific F1cotton hybrids.All plant materials were tested in three different ecological regions of China during the year of 2016-2017.Additive-dominance-environment(ADE)genetic model was used to estimate the genetic effects and genotypic and phenotypic correlation of yield and fiber quality traits.Results showed that yield traits except lint percentage were mainly controlled by genetic and environment interaction effects,whereas lint percentage and fiber quality traits were determined by main genetic effects.Moreover,dominant and additiveen vironine nt in teraction effects had more influence on yield traits,whereas additive and domi nance-e nviron ment interaction effects were found to be predominant for fiber traits.Broad-sense and its interaction heritability were significant for all yield and most of fiber quality traits.Narrow-sense and its interaction heritability were non-significant for boll number and seed cotton yield.Correlation analysis indicated that seed cotton yield had significant positive correlation with other yield attributes and non-significant with fiber quality traits.All fiber quality traits had signiflcant positive correlation with each other except micronaire.Conclusions:Results of current study provide important information about genetic control of yield and fiber quality traits.Further,this study identified that parental lines,e.g.,SJ48-1,ZB-1,851-2,and DT-8 can be utilized to improve yield and fiber quality traits in cotton.展开更多
Background:Salt stress significantly inhibits the growth,development,and productivity of cotton because of osmotic,ionic,and oxidative stresses.Therefore,the screening and development of salt tolerant cotton cultivars...Background:Salt stress significantly inhibits the growth,development,and productivity of cotton because of osmotic,ionic,and oxidative stresses.Therefore,the screening and development of salt tolerant cotton cultivars is a key issue towards sustainable agriculture.This study subjected 11 upland cotton genotypes at the seedling growth stage to five different salt concentrations and evaluated their salt tolerance and reliable traits.Results:Several morpho-physiological traits were measured after 10 days of salinity treatment and the salt tolerance performance varied significantly among the tested cotton genotypes.The optimal Na Cl concentration for the evaluation of salt tolerance was 200 mmol·L-1.Membership function value and salt tolerance index were used to identify the most consistent salt tolerance traits.Leaf relative water content and photosynthesis were identified as reliable indicators for salt tolerance at the seedling stage.All considered traits related to salt tolerance indices were significantly and positively correlated with each other except for malondialdehyde.Cluster heat map analysis based on the morpho-physiological salt tolerance-indices clearly discriminated the 11 cotton genotypes into three different salt tolerance clusters.Cluster I represented the salt-tolerant genotypes(Z9807,Z0228,and Z7526)whereas clusters II(Z0710,Z7514,Z1910,and Z7516)and III(Z0102,Z7780,Z9648,and Z9612)represented moderately salttolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes,respectively.Conclusions:A hydroponic screening system was established.Leaf relative water content and photosynthesis were identified as two reliable traits that adequately represented the salt tolerance of cotton genotypes at the seedling growth stage.Furthermore,three salt-tolerant genotypes were identified,which might be used as genetic resources for the salt-tolerance breeding of cotton.展开更多
Background:Cotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil.The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries.The ever changing climatic condition,threatens cotton ...Background:Cotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil.The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries.The ever changing climatic condition,threatens cotton production due to a lack of sufficient water for its cultivation.Effects of drought stress are estimated to affect more than 50%of the cotton growing regions.To elucidate the drought tolerance phenomenon in cotton,a backcross population was developed from G.tomentosum,a drought tolerant donor parent and G.hirsutum which is highly susceptible to drought stress.Results:A genetic map of 10888 SNP markers was developed from 200 BC_2F_2 populations.The map spanned 4191.3 centi-Morgan(c M),with an average distance of 0.1047 c M,covering 51%and 49%of At and Dt sub genomes,respectively.Thirty stable Quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were detected,in which more than a half were detected in the At subgenome.Eighty-nine candidate genes were mined within the QTL regions for three traits:cell membrane stability(CMS),saturated leaf weight(SLW)and chlorophyll content.The genes had varied physiochemical properties.A majority of the genes were interrupted by introns,and only 15 genes were intronless,accounting for 17%of the mined genes.The genes were found to be involved molecular function(MF),cellular component(CC)and biological process(BP),which are the main gene ontological(GO)functions.A number of mi RNAs were detected,such as mi R164,which is associated with NAC and MYB genes,with a profound role in enhancing drought tolerance in plants.Through RT-q PCR analysis,5 genes were found to be the key genes involved in enhancing drought tolerance in cotton.Wild cotton harbors a number of favorable alleles,which can be exploited to aid in improving the narrow genetic base of the elite cotton cultivars.The detection of 30 stable QTLs and 89 candidate genes found to be contributed by the donor parent,G.tomentosum,showed the significant genes harbored by the wild progenitors which can be exploited in developing more robust cotton genotypes with diverse tolerance levels to various environmental stresses.Conclusion:This was the first study involving genome wide association mapping for drought tolerance traits in semi wild cotton genotypes.It offers an opportunity for future exploration of these genes in developing highly tolerant cotton cultivars to boost cotton production.展开更多
Background： The SWEET （Sugars will eventually be exported transporters） gene family plays multiple roles in plant physiological activities and development process. It participates in reproductive development and in...Background： The SWEET （Sugars will eventually be exported transporters） gene family plays multiple roles in plant physiological activities and development process. It participates in reproductive development and in the process of sugar transport and absorption, plant senescence and stress responses and plant-pathogen interaction. However, thecomprehensive analysis of SWEET genes has not been reported in cotton. Results： In this study, we identified 22, 31, 55 and 60 SWEETgenes from the sequenced genomes of Gossypium orboreum, G. rairnondii, G. hirsutum and G. borbadense, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the SWEET genes could be divided into four groups, which were further classified into 14 sub-clades. Further analysis of chromosomal location, synteny analysis and gene duplication suggested that the orthologs showed a good collinearity and segmental duplication events played a crucial role in the expansion of the family in cotton. Specific MtN3_slv domains were highly conserved between Arabidopsis and cotton by exon-intron organization and motif analysis. In addition, the expression pattern in different tissues indicated that the duplicated genes in cotton might have acquired new functions as a result of sub-functionalization or neo-functionalization. The expression pattern of SWEET genes showed that the different genes were induced by diverse stresses. The identification and functional analysis of SWEET genes in cotton may provide more candidate genes for genetic modification. Conclusion： SWEET genes were classified into four clades in cotton. The expression patterns suggested that the duplicated genes might have experienced a functional divergence. This work provides insights into the evolution of SWEETgenes and more candidates for specific genetic modification, which will be useful in future research.展开更多
Background:DNA methylation is an important epigenetic factor that maintains and regulates gene expression.The mode and level of DNA methylation depend on the roles of DNA methyltransferase and demethylase,while DNA de...Background:DNA methylation is an important epigenetic factor that maintains and regulates gene expression.The mode and level of DNA methylation depend on the roles of DNA methyltransferase and demethylase,while DNA demethylase plays a key role in the process of DNA demethylation.The results showed that the plant’s DNA demethylase all contained conserved DNA glycosidase domain.This study identified the cotton DNA demethylase gene family and analyzed it using bioinformatics methods to lay the foundation for further study of cotton demethylase gene function.Results:This study used genomic information from diploid Gossypium raimondii JGI(D),Gossypium arboreum L.CRI(A),Gossypium hirsutum L.JGI(AD1) and Gossypium barbadebse L NAU(AD2) to Arabidopsis thaliana.Using DNA demethylase genes sequence of Arabidopsis as reference,25 DNA demethylase genes were identified in cotton by BLAST analysis.There are 4 genes in the genome D,5 genes in the genome A,10 genes in the genome AD1,and 6 genes in the genome AD2.The gene structure and evolution were analyzed by bioinformatics,and the expression patterns of DNA demethylase gene family in Gossypium hirsutum L were analyzed.From the phylogenetic tree analysis,the DNA demethylase gene family of cotton can be divided into four subfamilies:REPRESSOR of SILENCING 1(ROS1),DEMETER(DME),DEMETER-LIKE 2(DML2),and DEMETER-LIKE3(DML3).The sequence similarity of DNA demethylase genes in the same species was higher,and the genetic relationship was also relatively close.Analysis of the gene structure revealed that the DNA demethylase gene family members of the four subfamilies varied greatly.Among them,the number of introns of ROS1 and DME subfamily was larger,and the gene structure was more complex.For the analysis of the conserved domain,it was known that the DNA demethylase family gene member has an endonuclease Ⅲ(END03 c) domain.Conclusion:The genes of the DNA demethylase family are distributed differently in different cotton species,and the gene structure is very different.High expression of ROS1 genes in cotton were under abiotic stress.The expression levels of ROS1 genes were higher during the formation of cotton ovule.The transcription levels of ROS1 family genes were higher during cotton fiber development.展开更多
Background： The conversion from non-embryogenic callus （NEC） to embryogenic callus （EC） is the key bottleneck step in regeneration of upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum）, and hinders the transgenic breeding of u...Background： The conversion from non-embryogenic callus （NEC） to embryogenic callus （EC） is the key bottleneck step in regeneration of upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum）, and hinders the transgenic breeding of upland cotton. To investigate molecular mechanisms underlying acquisition of embryogenic potential during this process, comparation analysis of transcriptome dynamics between two upland cotton cultivars with different somatic embryogenesis abilities was conducted. Results： Differentially expressed genes involved in the transformation from NEC to EC were detected in the two different cultivars. Principal component analysis based on DEGs showed that the NEC tissues of the two cultivars were highly heterogeneous, whereas the derived EC tissues were similar, which suggested the homogeneousness of EC between different lines. In the highly embryogenic cultivar CCRI 24, more of these genes were down-regulated, whereas, in the recalcitrant cultivar CCRI 12, more were up-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis on these DEGs showed that the vast majority of differentially expressed genes were enriched in metabolism and secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathways. Flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched in both cultivars, and the associated genes were down-regulated more in CCRI 24 than in CCRI 12. We deduced that vigorous secondary metabolism in CCRI 12 may hinder primary metabolism, resulting in tardiness of cell differentiation. Interestingly, genes involved in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway were enriched in the recalcitrant cultivar CCRI 12, but not in CCRI 24, suggesting more radical regulation of hormone signal transduction in the recalcitrant cultivar. Signal transduction rather than biosynthesis of plant hormones is more likely to be the determining factor triggering NEC to EC transition in recalcitrant cotton lines. Transcription factor encoding genes showed differential regulation between two cultivars. Conclusions： Our study provides valuable information about the molecular mechanism of conversion from NEC to EC in cotton and allows for identification of novel genes involved. By comparing transcriptome changes in transformation from NEC to EC between the two cultivars, we identified 46 transcripts that may contribute to initiating embryogenic shift.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to develop a set of perfect simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers with a single copy in the cotton genome,to construct a DNA fingerprint database suitable for authentication of cotton cultivar...Background:This study aimed to develop a set of perfect simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers with a single copy in the cotton genome,to construct a DNA fingerprint database suitable for authentication of cotton cultivars.We optimized the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)system for multi-platform compatibility and improving detection efficiency.Based on the reference genome of upland cotton and 10×resequencing data of 48 basic cotton germplasm lines,single-copy polymorphic SSR sites were identified and developed as diploidization SSR markers.The SSR markers were detected by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)for initial screening,then fluorescence capillary electrophoresis for secondary screening.The final perfect SSR markers were evaluated and verified using 210 lines from different sources among Chinese cotton regional trials.Results:Using bioinformatics techniques,1246 SSR markers were designed from 26626 single-copy SSR loci.Adopting a stepwise(primary and secondary)screening strategy,a set of 60 perfect SSR markers was selected with high amplification efficiency and stability,easy interpretation of peak type,multiple allelic variations,high polymorphism information content(PIC)value,uniform chromosome distribution,and single-copy characteristics.A multiplex PCR system was established with ten SSR markers using capillary electrophoresis detection.Conclusions:A set of perfect SSR markers of cotton was developed and a high-throughput SSR marker detection system was established.This study lays a foundation for large-scale and standardized construction of a cotton DNA fingerprint database for authentication of cotton varieties.展开更多
Background: Within-canopy interception of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) impacts yield and other agronomic traits in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field experiments were conducted to investigate the influen...Background: Within-canopy interception of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) impacts yield and other agronomic traits in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of 6 cotton varieties(they belong to 3 different plant types) on yield, yield distribution, light interception(LI), LI distribution and the relationship between yield formation and LI in Anyang, Henan, in 2014 and 2015.Result: The results showed that cotton cultivars with long branches(loose-type) intercepted more LI than did cultivars with short branches(compact-type), due to increased LI in the middle and upper canopy. Although loose-type varieties had greater LI, they did not yield significantly higher than compact-type varieties, due to decreased harvest index. Therefore, improving the harvest index by adjusting the source-to-sink relationship may further increase cotton yield for loose-type cotton. In addition, there was a positive relationship between reproductive organ biomass accumulation and canopy-accumulated LI, indicating that enhancing LI is important for yield improvement for each cultivar. Furthermore, yield distribution within the canopy was significantly linearly related to vertical LI distribution.Conclusion: Therefore, optimizing canopy structure of different plant type and subsequently optimizing LI distribution within the cotton canopy can effectively enhance the yield.展开更多
Background The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel(CNGC)gene family plays a significant role in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations,and has a role in enhancing tolerance to various forms of abiotic stresses as ...Background The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel(CNGC)gene family plays a significant role in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations,and has a role in enhancing tolerance to various forms of abiotic stresses as well as the modulation of the heavy metal toxicity to plant through the absorption of heavy metals.Results A complete genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the cotton CNGC genes was carried out,in which 55,28,and 29 CNGC genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum,G.raimondii,and G.arboreum,respectively.The protein encoded by the CNGC genes exhibited GRAVY value below zero,indicating their hydrophilic property.CNGC genes were unevenly distributed in 19 out of 26 chromosomes,in which the highest density were observed on Ah05,with 8 genes.High gene coverage was observed among the diploid cotton species,with CNGC genes mapped on all A chromosomes and on 11 out of 13 of D chromosomes.The majority of CNGC proteins were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum,nucleus,and plasma membrane.Gene expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)across various forms of abiotic stresses.Moreover,down-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)in CNGCs silenced plants caused the significantly reduced ability to tolerate drought and salt stresses.All CNGCs silenced plants were recorded to have significantly low content of antioxidants but relatively higher content of oxidant,including MDA and H_(2)O_(2).Furthermore,SPAD,CMS(cell membrane stability),ELWL(excised leaf water loss),SDW(shoot dry matter weight),and RDW(root dry matter weight)were all lower in CNGCs silenced plants compared with the wild type plants.Conclusion Significant reduction in antioxidant content and negative effects of physiological and morphological characters in CNGCs silenced plants has revealed the novel role of CNGC genes in enhancing cell integrity under abiotic stress conditions.These results provide vital information that will expand our understanding of the CNGC gene family in cotton and other plants,thus promoting the integration of these genes in the development of the environmental resilient plants.展开更多
Background:Pectin is a key substance involved in cell wall development,and the galacturonosyltransferases(GAUTs)gene family is a critical participant in the pectin synthesis pathway.Systematic and comprehensive resear...Background:Pectin is a key substance involved in cell wall development,and the galacturonosyltransferases(GAUTs)gene family is a critical participant in the pectin synthesis pathway.Systematic and comprehensive research on GAUTs has not been performed in cotton.Analysis of the evolution and expression patterns of the GAUT gene family in different cotton species is needed to in crease kno wledge of the functi on of pectin in cotto n fiber development.Results:In this study,we have identified 131 GAUT genes in the genomes of four Gossypium species(G.raimondii,G barbadense,G.hirsutum,and G.arboreum),and classified them as GAUT-A,GAUT-B and GAUT-C,which coding probable galacturonosyltransferases.Among them,the GAUT genes encode proteins GAUT1 to GAUT15.All GAUT proteins except for GAUT7 contai n a con served glycosyl transferase family 8 domain(H-DN-A-SW-S-V-H-T-F).The conserved sequence of GAUT7 is PLN(phospholamban)02769 domain.According to c/s-elemet analysis,GAUT genes transcript levels may be regulated by horm ones such as JA,GA,SA,ABA,Me-JA,and IA A.The evoluti on and transcription patterns of the GAUT gene family in different cotton species and the transcript levels in upland cotton lines with different fiber st「ength were analyzed.Peak transcript level of GhGAUT genes have been observed before 15 DPA.In the six materials with high fiber strength,the transcription of GhGAUT genes were concentrated from 10 to 15 DPA;while the highest transcript levels in low fiber st「ength materials were detected between 5 and 10 DPA.These results lays the foundation for future research on gene function during cotton fiber development.Conclusions:The GAUT gene family may affect cotton fiber development,including fiber elongation and fiber thickening.In the low strength fiber lines,GAUTs mainly participate in fiber elongation,whereas their major effect on cotton with high strength fiber is related to both elongation and thickening.展开更多
Background: Cytoplasmic male sterility in flowering plants is a convenient way to use heterosis via hybrid breeding and may be restored by nuclear restorer-of-fertility(Rf) genes. In most cases, Rf genes encoded penta...Background: Cytoplasmic male sterility in flowering plants is a convenient way to use heterosis via hybrid breeding and may be restored by nuclear restorer-of-fertility(Rf) genes. In most cases, Rf genes encoded pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins and several Rf genes are present in clusters of similar Rf-PPR-like(RFL) genes. However, the Rf genes in cotton were not fully characterized until now.Results: In total, 35 RFL genes were identified in G. hirsutum, 16 in G. arboreum, and 24 in G. raimondii. Additionally,four RFL-rich regions were identified; the RFL-rich region in Gh05 is the probable location of Rf-PPR genes in cotton and will be studied further in the future. Furthermore, an insertion sequence was identified in the promoter sequence of Gh05 G3392 gene in the restorer line, as compared with the CMS-D2 line and maintainer lines. An InDel-R marker was then developed and could be used to distinguish the restorer line carrying Rfl from other genotypes without the Rf1 allele.Conclusion: In this study, genome-wide identification and analysis of RFL genes have identified the candidate Rf-PPR genes for CMS in Gossypium. The identification and analysis of RFL genes and sequence variation analysis will be useful for cloning Rf genes in the future and also for three-line hybrid breeding in cotton.展开更多
Background:Cotton is the world’s largest and most important source of renewable natural fiber.BEL1-like homeodomain(BLH)genes are ubiquitous in plants and have been reported to contribute to plant development.However...Background:Cotton is the world’s largest and most important source of renewable natural fiber.BEL1-like homeodomain(BLH)genes are ubiquitous in plants and have been reported to contribute to plant development.However,there is no comprehensive characterization of this gene family in cotton.In this study,32,16,and 18 BLH genes were identified from the G.hirsutum,G.arboreum,and G.raimondii genome,respectively.In addition,we also studied the phylogenetic relationships,chromosomal location,gene structure,and gene expression patterns of the BLH genes.Results:The results indicated that these BLH proteins were divided into seven distinct groups by phylogenetic analysis.Among them,25 members were assigned to 15 chromosomes.Furthermore,gene structure,chromosomal location,conserved motifs,and expression level of BLH genes were investigated in G.hirsutum.Expression profiles analysis showed that four genes(GhBLH1_3,GhBLH1_4,GhBLH1_5,and GhBLH1_6)from BLH1 subfamily were highly expressed during the fiber cell elongation period.The expression levels of these genes were significantly induced by gibberellic acid and brassinosteroid,but not auxin.Exogenous application of gibberellic acid significantly enhanced GhBLH1_3,GhBLH1_4,and GhBLH1_5 transcripts.Expression levels of GhBLH1_3 and GhBLH1_4 genes were significantly increased under brassinosteroid treatment.Conclusions:The BLH gene family plays a very important role in many biological processes during plant growth and development.This study deepens our understanding of the role of the GhBLH1 gene involved in fiber development and will help us in breeding better cotton varieties in the future.展开更多
Background:Recently,due to the development of food security strategies,cotton has been planted in inland saline-alkali dry soils or in coastal some saline-alkali soils in China.Under the condition,to comprehensively p...Background:Recently,due to the development of food security strategies,cotton has been planted in inland saline-alkali dry soils or in coastal some saline-alkali soils in China.Under the condition,to comprehensively prevent and control Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields with saline-alkali soils,it is important to study the larval growth and development of H.armigero and to study adult oviposition selectivity in H.armigera adults that feed on NaCI-stNaCled cotton plants.Results:In this study,Bt cotton GK19 was used for the experimental group and its nontransgenic parent Simian 3 was used for the control to study the effects of biochemical substances in cotton as well as larval growth and development and adult oviposition selectivity of H.armigera.The experiments were performed by growing cotton indoors under NaCl stress at concentrations of 0 mmol-L^(-1),75 mmol-L^(-1)and 150 mmol-L^(-1),respectively.The results showed that the expression of Bt protein was significantly inhibited for NaCI-stressed Bt cotNaClThe content of soluble protein and K^(+)in the leaves of cotton were decreased,while the content of gossypol and Na+were increased.In addition,the 5th instar H.armigera larvae exhibited shorten the life span in a 13-day trial period.Under enclosure treatments and at different female densities,the adult oviposition of H.armigera decreased on high NaCI-stressed nontransgenic coNaCl,while the oviposition on Bt cotton tended to first increase but then decrease under low,moderate and high NaCl stress treatments.Conclusions:Under certain content ranges of NaCl stress treatments,larval of H.armigera growth and development,and adult oviposition were no significant difference in the change for a certain period.However,under high NaCl stress,larval growth,development and adult oviposition were affected,which may provide insights for the prevention and control of H.armigero for Bt cotton in saline-alkali soils.展开更多
Background:Cotton is known for fiber extraction and it is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to having hot weather.Cotton crop has a significant role in GDP of Pakistan.Therefore,the two-years r...Background:Cotton is known for fiber extraction and it is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to having hot weather.Cotton crop has a significant role in GDP of Pakistan.Therefore,the two-years research was conducted to estimate heritability and association among various yield contributing parameters of cotton,i.e.,plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,seed cotton yield,boll weight,seed index,ginning outturn(GOT),fiber length,fiber strength,and fiber fineness.Results:Association analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had a significant positive correlation with plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,GOT,staple length and fiber strength.Staple length and fiber strength were negatively linked with each other.Estimates of heritability were high for all of the traits except the number of sympodial branches per plant and boll weight.Conclusion:The parent IUB-222 was found to be the best for plant height,the number of bolls per plant,boll weight,GOT,seed cotton yield,and seed index.The genotypes namely,NIAB-414 and VH-367 were identified as the best parents for fiber length,strength,and fineness.Among the crosses NIAB-414×IUB-222 was the best for the number of bolls per plant,seed index,seed cotton yield and fiber fineness,whereas,the cross of NIAB-414×CIM-632 was good for plant height.The combination of A555×CIM-632 was the best for the number of sympodial branches per plant,boll weight,fiber length,and strength,and VH-367×CIM-632 proved the best for GOT.展开更多
Background: The diversified and high value-added utilization of cotton by products can promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Di erences in potential nutrients among varieties can be explained by v...Background: The diversified and high value-added utilization of cotton by products can promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Di erences in potential nutrients among varieties can be explained by variations in the composition and abundance of fatty acids, polyphenols, carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. Therefore, the analysis of metabolite species and relationships in cottonseed is meaningful for the development of cotton byproducts.Results: In this study, the metabolomes of three representative cotton cultivars of di erent species were compared using untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis. A total of 263 metabolites were identified from 705 peaks, and their levels were compared across cultivars. Principal component analysis and OPLS-DA clearly distinguish these samples based on metabolites. There were significant di erences in the contents of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, and lipids in G. hirsutum TM-1 compared with G. arboreum Shixiya1 and G. barbadense Hai7124. Notably, the bioactive nutrient compound catechin obtained from the di erential metabolites significantly accumulated in TM-1. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis using catechin and oil-related traits was conducted in core collections of Gossypium hirsutum. The results revealed the reliability of the GC-TOF/MS analysis, as well as that catechin content has a negative association with myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and total fatty acids.Conclusion: These findings suggest that untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis could provide a new method for investigating the underlying plant biochemistry of nutrient variation in cottonseed, and that catechin content has a negative association with oil-related traits in cottonseed. This study may pave the way to exploit the value of cotton byproducts.展开更多
Background:Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)accounts for more than 90%of the annual world cotton output because of its high yield potential.However,yield and fiber quality traits often show negative correlations.We co...Background:Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)accounts for more than 90%of the annual world cotton output because of its high yield potential.However,yield and fiber quality traits often show negative correlations.We constructed four F_(2)populations of upland cotton,using two normal lines(4133B and SGK9708)with high yield potential but moderate fiber quality and two introgression lines(Suyuan04–3 and J02–247)with superior fiber quality,and used them to investigate the genetic basis underlying complex traits such as yield and fiber quality in upland cotton.We also phenotyped eight agronomic and economic traits and mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs).Results:Extensive phenotype variations and transgressive segregation were found across the segregation populations.We constructed four genetic maps of 585.97 centiMorgan(cM),752.45 cM,752.45 cM,and 1163.66 cM,one for each of the four F_(2)populations.Fifty QTLs were identified across the four populations(7 for plant height,27 for fiber quality and 16 for yield).The same QTLs were identified in different populations,including qBW4 and qBW2,which were linked to a common simple sequence repeat(SSR)marker,NAU1255.A QTL cluster containing eight QTLs for six different traits was characterized on linkage group 9 of the 4133B×Suyuan04–3 population.Conclusions:These findings will provide insights into the genetic basis of simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber quality in upland cotton breeding.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32201752)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.1610162022018),Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Background:In our previous study,a strain EBS03 with good biocontrol potential was screened out of 48 strains of cotton endophyte Bacillus subtilis by evaluating the controlling effect against cotton Verticillium wilt.However,its mechanism for controlling Verticillium wilt remains unclear.The objective of this study was to further clarify its con-trolling effect and mechanism against cotton Verticillium wilt.Results:The results of confrontation culture test and double buckle culture test showed that the inhibitory effects of EBS03 volatile and nonvolatile metabolite on mycelium growth of Verticillium dahliae were 70.03%and 59.00%,respectively;the inhibitory effects of sporulation and microsclerotia germination were 47.16%and 70.06%,respec-tively.In the greenhouse test,the EBS03 fermentation broth root irrigation had the highest controlling effect at 87.11%on cotton Verticillium wilt,and significantly promoted the growth of cotton seedlings.In the field experi-ment,the controlling effect of EBS03 fermentation broth to cotton Verticillium wilt was 42.54%at 60 days after cotton sowing,and the boll number per plant and boll weight in EBS03 fermentation broth seed soaking,root irrigation,and spraying treatments significantly increased by 19.48%and 7.42%,30.90%and 2.62%,15.99%and 9.20%,respec-tively.Furthermore,EBS03 improved the resistance of cotton leaves against the infection of V.dahliae,and induced the outbreak of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of callose.In addition,the results of real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)detection showed that EBS03 significantly induced upregulation expression level of defense-related genes PAL,POD,PPO,and PR10 in cotton leaves,enhanced cotton plant resistance to V.dahliae,and inhibited colonization level of this fungal pathogen in cotton.Conclusion:Bacillus subtilis EBS03 has a good biological defense capability,which can inhibit the growth and coloni-zation level of V.dahliae,and activate the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt,thus increase cotton yield.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesCentral Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (No. 1610162021031).
文摘Verticillium wilt,caused by the notorious fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae,is one of the main limiting factors for cotton production.Due to the stable dormant structure microsclerotia,long-term variability and co-evolution with host plant,its pathogenicity mechanism is very complicated,and the interaction mechanism between pathogen and host plant is also unclear.So identification and functional analysis of the genes involved in the pathogenicity or virulence of this fungus will benefit to uncover the molecular pathogenic mechanism of V.dahliae.In this review,many multifunction genes covering microsclerotia development,pathogen infection,effector proteins,transcription factors,horizontal gene transfer and trans-kingdom RNA silencing have been summarized to provide a theoretical basis to deep understand the molecular pathogenicity mechanism of V.dahliae and promote to effectively control Verticillium wilt.Furtherly,these pathogenicity-related genes may be considered as targets for effective control of Verticillium wilt in cotton.
基金sponsored by funds from the Zhongyuan Academician Foundation (212101510001)the Fundamental Research Funds for State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology (CB2021C08)the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871679)
文摘Background:The utilization of heterosis has greatly improved the productivity of cotton worldwide.However,a major constraint for the large-scale promotion of F_(1) hybrid cotton is artificial emasculation and pollination.This study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2) hybrids to improve upland cotton production through a comparative evaluation of hybrid generations.Results:Eight upland cotton varieties were analyzed and crosses were made according to NCII incomplete diallel cross-breeding design in two cotton belts of China.Variance analysis revealed significant differences in agronomic,yield,and fiber quality in both generations and environments.The broad-sense heritability of agronomic and yield traits was relatively higher than quality traits.Furthermore,the narrow-sense heritability of some traits was higher in F_(2) than in the F_(1) generation in both cotton belts.Overall,parental lines Zhong901,ZB,L28,and Z98 were observed with maximum combining ability while combinations with strong special combining ability were ZB×DT,L28×Z98,and ZB×851.The yield traits heterosis was predominant in both generations.However,the level of heterosis was altered with trait,hybrid combination,generation,and environment.Interestingly,L28×Z98 performed outstandingly in Anyang.Its lint yield(LY)was 24.2%higher in F_(1) and 11.6%in F_(2) than that of the control Ruiza 816.The performance of SJ48×Z98 was excellent in Aral which showed 36.5%higher LY in F_(2)and 10.9%in F_(2)than control CCRI 49.Further results revealed most hybrid combinations had shown a low level of heterosis for agronomic and fiber quality traits in both generations.Comparatively,ZB×DT and L28×Z98 showed hybrid vigor for multiple traits in both generations and cotton belts.It is feasible to screen strong heterosis hybrid combinations with fine fiber in early generations.In the two environments,the correlation of some traits showed the same trend,and the correlation degree of Anyang site was higher than that of Aral site,and the correlation of some traits showed the opposite trend.According to the performance of strong heterosis hybrid combinations in different environments,the plant type,yield and fiber traits associated with them can be improved according to the correlation.Conclusions:Through comparative analysis of variance,combining ability,and heterosis in F_(2)and F_(2)hybrids in different cotton belts,this study proposed the potential utilization of F_(2)hybrids to improve upland cotton productivity in China.
基金National key R&D Plan(No.2017YFD0201900,2017YFD0101600)State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Fund(CB2016C14)
文摘Background： Large quantities of nitrogen （N） fertilizer applied to cotton cropping systems support high yields but cause adverse environmental impacts such as N20 emission and water eutrophication. The development of cotton cultivars with higher N use efficiencies suitable for low-N conditions is therefore important for sustainable production. In this study, we evaluated 100 cotton genotypes in 2016 for N use efficiency and related traits at the seedling stage. Methods： Sand culture experiment was conducted with low N levels （0.01 g.kg i） or normal N levels （0.1 g.kg i）. We investigated plant height, SPAD value （soil plant analysis development chlorophyll meter）, dry weight, N accumulation, N utilization efficiency, and N uptake efficiency. Through descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and heatmap clustering analysis, we confirmed the evaluation index system of N-efficient genotypes and the classification of N-efficient genotypes. Results： Significant differences were observed among N levels and genotypes for all agronomic traits and N levels. Coefficients of variation varied greatly and ranged from 6.7N28.8 and 7.4N20.8 under low-N and normal-N treatment, respectively. All traits showed highly significant positive correlations with each other, except SPAD value. The principal components under both N levels were similar, showing that total dry weight, aboveground dry weight, total N accumulation, and N uptake efficiency were important components. We confirmed these four traits as suitable screening indexes for low N tolerance. Based on the results of heatmap clustering and scatter diagram analysis of N efficiency value, 10 genotypes were found low-N tolerant, in which five varieties were inefficient under both low and normal N conditions, while four varieties were found efficient under low-N conditions but inefficient under normal-N conditions. Only one variety was efficient under both low and normal-N conditions. Meanwhile, 20 genotypes were identified as low-N sensitive ones, in which 19 genotypes were inefficient under low-N conditions but efficient under normal-N conditions, one variety was inefficient under both low and normal-N conditions. Conclusion： We preliminarily identified Kashi as a low-N tolerant and N-efficient cotton genotype, and CCRI 64 as a low- N sensitive and N-inefficient cotton genotype. Further studies should be carried out to verify the yield and heritability effect of specific genotypes in the field.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101400)
文摘Background:Cotton is an important fiber crop worldwide.The yield potential of current genotypes of cotton can be exploited through hybridization.However,to develop superior hybrids with high yield and fiber quality traits,information of genetic control of traits is prerequisite.Therefore,genetic analysis plays pivotal role in plant breeding.Results:In present study,North Carolina II mating design was used to cross 5 female parents with 6 male parents to produce 30 intraspecific F1cotton hybrids.All plant materials were tested in three different ecological regions of China during the year of 2016-2017.Additive-dominance-environment(ADE)genetic model was used to estimate the genetic effects and genotypic and phenotypic correlation of yield and fiber quality traits.Results showed that yield traits except lint percentage were mainly controlled by genetic and environment interaction effects,whereas lint percentage and fiber quality traits were determined by main genetic effects.Moreover,dominant and additiveen vironine nt in teraction effects had more influence on yield traits,whereas additive and domi nance-e nviron ment interaction effects were found to be predominant for fiber traits.Broad-sense and its interaction heritability were significant for all yield and most of fiber quality traits.Narrow-sense and its interaction heritability were non-significant for boll number and seed cotton yield.Correlation analysis indicated that seed cotton yield had significant positive correlation with other yield attributes and non-significant with fiber quality traits.All fiber quality traits had signiflcant positive correlation with each other except micronaire.Conclusions:Results of current study provide important information about genetic control of yield and fiber quality traits.Further,this study identified that parental lines,e.g.,SJ48-1,ZB-1,851-2,and DT-8 can be utilized to improve yield and fiber quality traits in cotton.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program(2017YFD0101600)State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology(CB2019C17)。
文摘Background:Salt stress significantly inhibits the growth,development,and productivity of cotton because of osmotic,ionic,and oxidative stresses.Therefore,the screening and development of salt tolerant cotton cultivars is a key issue towards sustainable agriculture.This study subjected 11 upland cotton genotypes at the seedling growth stage to five different salt concentrations and evaluated their salt tolerance and reliable traits.Results:Several morpho-physiological traits were measured after 10 days of salinity treatment and the salt tolerance performance varied significantly among the tested cotton genotypes.The optimal Na Cl concentration for the evaluation of salt tolerance was 200 mmol·L-1.Membership function value and salt tolerance index were used to identify the most consistent salt tolerance traits.Leaf relative water content and photosynthesis were identified as reliable indicators for salt tolerance at the seedling stage.All considered traits related to salt tolerance indices were significantly and positively correlated with each other except for malondialdehyde.Cluster heat map analysis based on the morpho-physiological salt tolerance-indices clearly discriminated the 11 cotton genotypes into three different salt tolerance clusters.Cluster I represented the salt-tolerant genotypes(Z9807,Z0228,and Z7526)whereas clusters II(Z0710,Z7514,Z1910,and Z7516)and III(Z0102,Z7780,Z9648,and Z9612)represented moderately salttolerant and salt-sensitive genotypes,respectively.Conclusions:A hydroponic screening system was established.Leaf relative water content and photosynthesis were identified as two reliable traits that adequately represented the salt tolerance of cotton genotypes at the seedling growth stage.Furthermore,three salt-tolerant genotypes were identified,which might be used as genetic resources for the salt-tolerance breeding of cotton.
基金program was financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671745,31530053)the National key research and development plan(2016YFD0100306)。
文摘Background:Cotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil.The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries.The ever changing climatic condition,threatens cotton production due to a lack of sufficient water for its cultivation.Effects of drought stress are estimated to affect more than 50%of the cotton growing regions.To elucidate the drought tolerance phenomenon in cotton,a backcross population was developed from G.tomentosum,a drought tolerant donor parent and G.hirsutum which is highly susceptible to drought stress.Results:A genetic map of 10888 SNP markers was developed from 200 BC_2F_2 populations.The map spanned 4191.3 centi-Morgan(c M),with an average distance of 0.1047 c M,covering 51%and 49%of At and Dt sub genomes,respectively.Thirty stable Quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were detected,in which more than a half were detected in the At subgenome.Eighty-nine candidate genes were mined within the QTL regions for three traits:cell membrane stability(CMS),saturated leaf weight(SLW)and chlorophyll content.The genes had varied physiochemical properties.A majority of the genes were interrupted by introns,and only 15 genes were intronless,accounting for 17%of the mined genes.The genes were found to be involved molecular function(MF),cellular component(CC)and biological process(BP),which are the main gene ontological(GO)functions.A number of mi RNAs were detected,such as mi R164,which is associated with NAC and MYB genes,with a profound role in enhancing drought tolerance in plants.Through RT-q PCR analysis,5 genes were found to be the key genes involved in enhancing drought tolerance in cotton.Wild cotton harbors a number of favorable alleles,which can be exploited to aid in improving the narrow genetic base of the elite cotton cultivars.The detection of 30 stable QTLs and 89 candidate genes found to be contributed by the donor parent,G.tomentosum,showed the significant genes harbored by the wild progenitors which can be exploited in developing more robust cotton genotypes with diverse tolerance levels to various environmental stresses.Conclusion:This was the first study involving genome wide association mapping for drought tolerance traits in semi wild cotton genotypes.It offers an opportunity for future exploration of these genes in developing highly tolerant cotton cultivars to boost cotton production.
基金supported by the The National Key ResearchDevelopment Program of China(2016YFD0101400,2017YFD0101600)
文摘Background： The SWEET （Sugars will eventually be exported transporters） gene family plays multiple roles in plant physiological activities and development process. It participates in reproductive development and in the process of sugar transport and absorption, plant senescence and stress responses and plant-pathogen interaction. However, thecomprehensive analysis of SWEET genes has not been reported in cotton. Results： In this study, we identified 22, 31, 55 and 60 SWEETgenes from the sequenced genomes of Gossypium orboreum, G. rairnondii, G. hirsutum and G. borbadense, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the SWEET genes could be divided into four groups, which were further classified into 14 sub-clades. Further analysis of chromosomal location, synteny analysis and gene duplication suggested that the orthologs showed a good collinearity and segmental duplication events played a crucial role in the expansion of the family in cotton. Specific MtN3_slv domains were highly conserved between Arabidopsis and cotton by exon-intron organization and motif analysis. In addition, the expression pattern in different tissues indicated that the duplicated genes in cotton might have acquired new functions as a result of sub-functionalization or neo-functionalization. The expression pattern of SWEET genes showed that the different genes were induced by diverse stresses. The identification and functional analysis of SWEET genes in cotton may provide more candidate genes for genetic modification. Conclusion： SWEET genes were classified into four clades in cotton. The expression patterns suggested that the duplicated genes might have experienced a functional divergence. This work provides insights into the evolution of SWEETgenes and more candidates for specific genetic modification, which will be useful in future research.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100401)
文摘Background:DNA methylation is an important epigenetic factor that maintains and regulates gene expression.The mode and level of DNA methylation depend on the roles of DNA methyltransferase and demethylase,while DNA demethylase plays a key role in the process of DNA demethylation.The results showed that the plant’s DNA demethylase all contained conserved DNA glycosidase domain.This study identified the cotton DNA demethylase gene family and analyzed it using bioinformatics methods to lay the foundation for further study of cotton demethylase gene function.Results:This study used genomic information from diploid Gossypium raimondii JGI(D),Gossypium arboreum L.CRI(A),Gossypium hirsutum L.JGI(AD1) and Gossypium barbadebse L NAU(AD2) to Arabidopsis thaliana.Using DNA demethylase genes sequence of Arabidopsis as reference,25 DNA demethylase genes were identified in cotton by BLAST analysis.There are 4 genes in the genome D,5 genes in the genome A,10 genes in the genome AD1,and 6 genes in the genome AD2.The gene structure and evolution were analyzed by bioinformatics,and the expression patterns of DNA demethylase gene family in Gossypium hirsutum L were analyzed.From the phylogenetic tree analysis,the DNA demethylase gene family of cotton can be divided into four subfamilies:REPRESSOR of SILENCING 1(ROS1),DEMETER(DME),DEMETER-LIKE 2(DML2),and DEMETER-LIKE3(DML3).The sequence similarity of DNA demethylase genes in the same species was higher,and the genetic relationship was also relatively close.Analysis of the gene structure revealed that the DNA demethylase gene family members of the four subfamilies varied greatly.Among them,the number of introns of ROS1 and DME subfamily was larger,and the gene structure was more complex.For the analysis of the conserved domain,it was known that the DNA demethylase family gene member has an endonuclease Ⅲ(END03 c) domain.Conclusion:The genes of the DNA demethylase family are distributed differently in different cotton species,and the gene structure is very different.High expression of ROS1 genes in cotton were under abiotic stress.The expression levels of ROS1 genes were higher during the formation of cotton ovule.The transcription levels of ROS1 family genes were higher during cotton fiber development.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX08010004),China
文摘Background： The conversion from non-embryogenic callus （NEC） to embryogenic callus （EC） is the key bottleneck step in regeneration of upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum）, and hinders the transgenic breeding of upland cotton. To investigate molecular mechanisms underlying acquisition of embryogenic potential during this process, comparation analysis of transcriptome dynamics between two upland cotton cultivars with different somatic embryogenesis abilities was conducted. Results： Differentially expressed genes involved in the transformation from NEC to EC were detected in the two different cultivars. Principal component analysis based on DEGs showed that the NEC tissues of the two cultivars were highly heterogeneous, whereas the derived EC tissues were similar, which suggested the homogeneousness of EC between different lines. In the highly embryogenic cultivar CCRI 24, more of these genes were down-regulated, whereas, in the recalcitrant cultivar CCRI 12, more were up-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis on these DEGs showed that the vast majority of differentially expressed genes were enriched in metabolism and secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathways. Flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched in both cultivars, and the associated genes were down-regulated more in CCRI 24 than in CCRI 12. We deduced that vigorous secondary metabolism in CCRI 12 may hinder primary metabolism, resulting in tardiness of cell differentiation. Interestingly, genes involved in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway were enriched in the recalcitrant cultivar CCRI 12, but not in CCRI 24, suggesting more radical regulation of hormone signal transduction in the recalcitrant cultivar. Signal transduction rather than biosynthesis of plant hormones is more likely to be the determining factor triggering NEC to EC transition in recalcitrant cotton lines. Transcription factor encoding genes showed differential regulation between two cultivars. Conclusions： Our study provides valuable information about the molecular mechanism of conversion from NEC to EC in cotton and allows for identification of novel genes involved. By comparing transcriptome changes in transformation from NEC to EC between the two cultivars, we identified 46 transcripts that may contribute to initiating embryogenic shift.
基金grants from the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan,National Key R&D Plan(2017YFD0102003–5)National Cotton Industry Technology System(CARS-15-25).
文摘Background:This study aimed to develop a set of perfect simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers with a single copy in the cotton genome,to construct a DNA fingerprint database suitable for authentication of cotton cultivars.We optimized the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)system for multi-platform compatibility and improving detection efficiency.Based on the reference genome of upland cotton and 10×resequencing data of 48 basic cotton germplasm lines,single-copy polymorphic SSR sites were identified and developed as diploidization SSR markers.The SSR markers were detected by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)for initial screening,then fluorescence capillary electrophoresis for secondary screening.The final perfect SSR markers were evaluated and verified using 210 lines from different sources among Chinese cotton regional trials.Results:Using bioinformatics techniques,1246 SSR markers were designed from 26626 single-copy SSR loci.Adopting a stepwise(primary and secondary)screening strategy,a set of 60 perfect SSR markers was selected with high amplification efficiency and stability,easy interpretation of peak type,multiple allelic variations,high polymorphism information content(PIC)value,uniform chromosome distribution,and single-copy characteristics.A multiplex PCR system was established with ten SSR markers using capillary electrophoresis detection.Conclusions:A set of perfect SSR markers of cotton was developed and a high-throughput SSR marker detection system was established.This study lays a foundation for large-scale and standardized construction of a cotton DNA fingerprint database for authentication of cotton varieties.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371561)
文摘Background: Within-canopy interception of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) impacts yield and other agronomic traits in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of 6 cotton varieties(they belong to 3 different plant types) on yield, yield distribution, light interception(LI), LI distribution and the relationship between yield formation and LI in Anyang, Henan, in 2014 and 2015.Result: The results showed that cotton cultivars with long branches(loose-type) intercepted more LI than did cultivars with short branches(compact-type), due to increased LI in the middle and upper canopy. Although loose-type varieties had greater LI, they did not yield significantly higher than compact-type varieties, due to decreased harvest index. Therefore, improving the harvest index by adjusting the source-to-sink relationship may further increase cotton yield for loose-type cotton. In addition, there was a positive relationship between reproductive organ biomass accumulation and canopy-accumulated LI, indicating that enhancing LI is important for yield improvement for each cultivar. Furthermore, yield distribution within the canopy was significantly linearly related to vertical LI distribution.Conclusion: Therefore, optimizing canopy structure of different plant type and subsequently optimizing LI distribution within the cotton canopy can effectively enhance the yield.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31621005,32072023)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0101200)PSF/CRP/18th Protocol(07)。
文摘Background The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel(CNGC)gene family plays a significant role in the uptake of both essential and toxic cations,and has a role in enhancing tolerance to various forms of abiotic stresses as well as the modulation of the heavy metal toxicity to plant through the absorption of heavy metals.Results A complete genome-wide identification and functional characterization of the cotton CNGC genes was carried out,in which 55,28,and 29 CNGC genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum,G.raimondii,and G.arboreum,respectively.The protein encoded by the CNGC genes exhibited GRAVY value below zero,indicating their hydrophilic property.CNGC genes were unevenly distributed in 19 out of 26 chromosomes,in which the highest density were observed on Ah05,with 8 genes.High gene coverage was observed among the diploid cotton species,with CNGC genes mapped on all A chromosomes and on 11 out of 13 of D chromosomes.The majority of CNGC proteins were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum,nucleus,and plasma membrane.Gene expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)across various forms of abiotic stresses.Moreover,down-regulation of Gh_A01G0520(CNGC4)and Gh_D13G1974(CNGC5)in CNGCs silenced plants caused the significantly reduced ability to tolerate drought and salt stresses.All CNGCs silenced plants were recorded to have significantly low content of antioxidants but relatively higher content of oxidant,including MDA and H_(2)O_(2).Furthermore,SPAD,CMS(cell membrane stability),ELWL(excised leaf water loss),SDW(shoot dry matter weight),and RDW(root dry matter weight)were all lower in CNGCs silenced plants compared with the wild type plants.Conclusion Significant reduction in antioxidant content and negative effects of physiological and morphological characters in CNGCs silenced plants has revealed the novel role of CNGC genes in enhancing cell integrity under abiotic stress conditions.These results provide vital information that will expand our understanding of the CNGC gene family in cotton and other plants,thus promoting the integration of these genes in the development of the environmental resilient plants.
基金the Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.31690093)the National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation project for CAAS(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-ICR)the Central Level of the Scientific Research Institutes for Basic R&D Special Fund Business(Y2017PT51)。
文摘Background:Pectin is a key substance involved in cell wall development,and the galacturonosyltransferases(GAUTs)gene family is a critical participant in the pectin synthesis pathway.Systematic and comprehensive research on GAUTs has not been performed in cotton.Analysis of the evolution and expression patterns of the GAUT gene family in different cotton species is needed to in crease kno wledge of the functi on of pectin in cotto n fiber development.Results:In this study,we have identified 131 GAUT genes in the genomes of four Gossypium species(G.raimondii,G barbadense,G.hirsutum,and G.arboreum),and classified them as GAUT-A,GAUT-B and GAUT-C,which coding probable galacturonosyltransferases.Among them,the GAUT genes encode proteins GAUT1 to GAUT15.All GAUT proteins except for GAUT7 contai n a con served glycosyl transferase family 8 domain(H-DN-A-SW-S-V-H-T-F).The conserved sequence of GAUT7 is PLN(phospholamban)02769 domain.According to c/s-elemet analysis,GAUT genes transcript levels may be regulated by horm ones such as JA,GA,SA,ABA,Me-JA,and IA A.The evoluti on and transcription patterns of the GAUT gene family in different cotton species and the transcript levels in upland cotton lines with different fiber st「ength were analyzed.Peak transcript level of GhGAUT genes have been observed before 15 DPA.In the six materials with high fiber strength,the transcription of GhGAUT genes were concentrated from 10 to 15 DPA;while the highest transcript levels in low fiber st「ength materials were detected between 5 and 10 DPA.These results lays the foundation for future research on gene function during cotton fiber development.Conclusions:The GAUT gene family may affect cotton fiber development,including fiber elongation and fiber thickening.In the low strength fiber lines,GAUTs mainly participate in fiber elongation,whereas their major effect on cotton with high strength fiber is related to both elongation and thickening.
基金financed by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101400)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology(CB2018C06)
文摘Background: Cytoplasmic male sterility in flowering plants is a convenient way to use heterosis via hybrid breeding and may be restored by nuclear restorer-of-fertility(Rf) genes. In most cases, Rf genes encoded pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins and several Rf genes are present in clusters of similar Rf-PPR-like(RFL) genes. However, the Rf genes in cotton were not fully characterized until now.Results: In total, 35 RFL genes were identified in G. hirsutum, 16 in G. arboreum, and 24 in G. raimondii. Additionally,four RFL-rich regions were identified; the RFL-rich region in Gh05 is the probable location of Rf-PPR genes in cotton and will be studied further in the future. Furthermore, an insertion sequence was identified in the promoter sequence of Gh05 G3392 gene in the restorer line, as compared with the CMS-D2 line and maintainer lines. An InDel-R marker was then developed and could be used to distinguish the restorer line carrying Rfl from other genotypes without the Rf1 allele.Conclusion: In this study, genome-wide identification and analysis of RFL genes have identified the candidate Rf-PPR genes for CMS in Gossypium. The identification and analysis of RFL genes and sequence variation analysis will be useful for cloning Rf genes in the future and also for three-line hybrid breeding in cotton.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Open Fund(CB2019A03,2019A09 and CB2020A12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872175)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202002005 and GK202001004)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2018JZ3006 and 2019JQ-062),Shaanxi Youth Entrusted Talents Program(20190205),Shaanxi Postdoctoral Project(2018BSHYDZZ76)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2019-2021QNRC001).
文摘Background:Cotton is the world’s largest and most important source of renewable natural fiber.BEL1-like homeodomain(BLH)genes are ubiquitous in plants and have been reported to contribute to plant development.However,there is no comprehensive characterization of this gene family in cotton.In this study,32,16,and 18 BLH genes were identified from the G.hirsutum,G.arboreum,and G.raimondii genome,respectively.In addition,we also studied the phylogenetic relationships,chromosomal location,gene structure,and gene expression patterns of the BLH genes.Results:The results indicated that these BLH proteins were divided into seven distinct groups by phylogenetic analysis.Among them,25 members were assigned to 15 chromosomes.Furthermore,gene structure,chromosomal location,conserved motifs,and expression level of BLH genes were investigated in G.hirsutum.Expression profiles analysis showed that four genes(GhBLH1_3,GhBLH1_4,GhBLH1_5,and GhBLH1_6)from BLH1 subfamily were highly expressed during the fiber cell elongation period.The expression levels of these genes were significantly induced by gibberellic acid and brassinosteroid,but not auxin.Exogenous application of gibberellic acid significantly enhanced GhBLH1_3,GhBLH1_4,and GhBLH1_5 transcripts.Expression levels of GhBLH1_3 and GhBLH1_4 genes were significantly increased under brassinosteroid treatment.Conclusions:The BLH gene family plays a very important role in many biological processes during plant growth and development.This study deepens our understanding of the role of the GhBLH1 gene involved in fiber development and will help us in breeding better cotton varieties in the future.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501253)
文摘Background:Recently,due to the development of food security strategies,cotton has been planted in inland saline-alkali dry soils or in coastal some saline-alkali soils in China.Under the condition,to comprehensively prevent and control Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields with saline-alkali soils,it is important to study the larval growth and development of H.armigero and to study adult oviposition selectivity in H.armigera adults that feed on NaCI-stNaCled cotton plants.Results:In this study,Bt cotton GK19 was used for the experimental group and its nontransgenic parent Simian 3 was used for the control to study the effects of biochemical substances in cotton as well as larval growth and development and adult oviposition selectivity of H.armigera.The experiments were performed by growing cotton indoors under NaCl stress at concentrations of 0 mmol-L^(-1),75 mmol-L^(-1)and 150 mmol-L^(-1),respectively.The results showed that the expression of Bt protein was significantly inhibited for NaCI-stressed Bt cotNaClThe content of soluble protein and K^(+)in the leaves of cotton were decreased,while the content of gossypol and Na+were increased.In addition,the 5th instar H.armigera larvae exhibited shorten the life span in a 13-day trial period.Under enclosure treatments and at different female densities,the adult oviposition of H.armigera decreased on high NaCI-stressed nontransgenic coNaCl,while the oviposition on Bt cotton tended to first increase but then decrease under low,moderate and high NaCl stress treatments.Conclusions:Under certain content ranges of NaCl stress treatments,larval of H.armigera growth and development,and adult oviposition were no significant difference in the change for a certain period.However,under high NaCl stress,larval growth,development and adult oviposition were affected,which may provide insights for the prevention and control of H.armigero for Bt cotton in saline-alkali soils.
基金the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture,University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan.
文摘Background:Cotton is known for fiber extraction and it is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to having hot weather.Cotton crop has a significant role in GDP of Pakistan.Therefore,the two-years research was conducted to estimate heritability and association among various yield contributing parameters of cotton,i.e.,plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,seed cotton yield,boll weight,seed index,ginning outturn(GOT),fiber length,fiber strength,and fiber fineness.Results:Association analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had a significant positive correlation with plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,GOT,staple length and fiber strength.Staple length and fiber strength were negatively linked with each other.Estimates of heritability were high for all of the traits except the number of sympodial branches per plant and boll weight.Conclusion:The parent IUB-222 was found to be the best for plant height,the number of bolls per plant,boll weight,GOT,seed cotton yield,and seed index.The genotypes namely,NIAB-414 and VH-367 were identified as the best parents for fiber length,strength,and fineness.Among the crosses NIAB-414×IUB-222 was the best for the number of bolls per plant,seed index,seed cotton yield and fiber fineness,whereas,the cross of NIAB-414×CIM-632 was good for plant height.The combination of A555×CIM-632 was the best for the number of sympodial branches per plant,boll weight,fiber length,and strength,and VH-367×CIM-632 proved the best for GOT.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-27)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Background: The diversified and high value-added utilization of cotton by products can promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Di erences in potential nutrients among varieties can be explained by variations in the composition and abundance of fatty acids, polyphenols, carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. Therefore, the analysis of metabolite species and relationships in cottonseed is meaningful for the development of cotton byproducts.Results: In this study, the metabolomes of three representative cotton cultivars of di erent species were compared using untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis. A total of 263 metabolites were identified from 705 peaks, and their levels were compared across cultivars. Principal component analysis and OPLS-DA clearly distinguish these samples based on metabolites. There were significant di erences in the contents of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, and lipids in G. hirsutum TM-1 compared with G. arboreum Shixiya1 and G. barbadense Hai7124. Notably, the bioactive nutrient compound catechin obtained from the di erential metabolites significantly accumulated in TM-1. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis using catechin and oil-related traits was conducted in core collections of Gossypium hirsutum. The results revealed the reliability of the GC-TOF/MS analysis, as well as that catechin content has a negative association with myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and total fatty acids.Conclusion: These findings suggest that untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis could provide a new method for investigating the underlying plant biochemistry of nutrient variation in cottonseed, and that catechin content has a negative association with oil-related traits in cottonseed. This study may pave the way to exploit the value of cotton byproducts.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0101600).
文摘Background:Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)accounts for more than 90%of the annual world cotton output because of its high yield potential.However,yield and fiber quality traits often show negative correlations.We constructed four F_(2)populations of upland cotton,using two normal lines(4133B and SGK9708)with high yield potential but moderate fiber quality and two introgression lines(Suyuan04–3 and J02–247)with superior fiber quality,and used them to investigate the genetic basis underlying complex traits such as yield and fiber quality in upland cotton.We also phenotyped eight agronomic and economic traits and mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs).Results:Extensive phenotype variations and transgressive segregation were found across the segregation populations.We constructed four genetic maps of 585.97 centiMorgan(cM),752.45 cM,752.45 cM,and 1163.66 cM,one for each of the four F_(2)populations.Fifty QTLs were identified across the four populations(7 for plant height,27 for fiber quality and 16 for yield).The same QTLs were identified in different populations,including qBW4 and qBW2,which were linked to a common simple sequence repeat(SSR)marker,NAU1255.A QTL cluster containing eight QTLs for six different traits was characterized on linkage group 9 of the 4133B×Suyuan04–3 population.Conclusions:These findings will provide insights into the genetic basis of simultaneous improvement of yield and fiber quality in upland cotton breeding.
