In this paper, by means of the network equation and generalized dimensionless Floquet-Bloch theorem, we study the influences of the number of connected waveguide segments （NCWS） between adjacent nodes and the matchi...In this paper, by means of the network equation and generalized dimensionless Floquet-Bloch theorem, we study the influences of the number of connected waveguide segments （NCWS） between adjacent nodes and the matching ratio of waveguide length （MRWL） on the photonic bands generated by quadrangular multiconnected networks （QMNs）, and obtain a series of formulae. It is found that multicombining networks （MCNs） and repetitive combining networks （RCNs） are equivalent to each other and they can all be simplified into the simplest fundamental combining systems. It would be useful for adjusting the number, widths, and positions of photonic bands, and would possess potential applications for the designing of all-optical devices and photonic network devices.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate the optical transmission properties of perfect and defective two-segment-connected tri- angular waveguide networks （2SCTWNs） and find that after introducing defects in networks, many gr...In this paper, we investigate the optical transmission properties of perfect and defective two-segment-connected tri- angular waveguide networks （2SCTWNs） and find that after introducing defects in networks, many groups of transparent extreme narrow photonic passbands （ENPPs） will be created in the middle of the transmission spectra, the number for each group and the group number of ENPPs can he adjusted by the matching ratios of waveguide length （MRWLs）, the number of defects, and the number of unit cells of 2SCTWNs. The influences of MRWL, number of defects, and number of unit cells on the number, width, and position of these ENPPs are researched and a series of quantitative rules and prop- erties are obtained. It may be useful for the designing of high-sensitive optical switches, wavelength division multiplexers, extreme-narrowband filters, and other correlative waveguide network devices.展开更多
Exercise is recognized as an effective strategy to delay brain aging, which is related to the activation of autophagy. Trehalose is a natural compound that can activate autophagy and exert beneficial effects in delayi...Exercise is recognized as an effective strategy to delay brain aging, which is related to the activation of autophagy. Trehalose is a natural compound that can activate autophagy and exert beneficial effects in delaying brain aging. In this study, we investigated whether trehalose may exert neuroprotection similar to those of exercise in delaying age-related cognitive decline. Fifteen-month-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent swim exercise and/or were treated with 2% trehalose for 12 weeks. Trehalose, exercise and the combination of exercise and trehalose intervention improved the learning and memory of aged mice. They also improved the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, the protein level of LC3-II, Bnip3L, and Parkin respectively. Additionally, both exercise and trehalose increased the phosphorylation of AMPK. Exercise decreased cortical phosphorylation of m TOR and S6k, whereas trehalose did not change these cortical levels. These data indicated that exercise and trehalose might modulate autophagy through m TOR-dependent or m TOR-independent pathways, respectively. However, a combination of exercise and trehalose did not play a synergistic role in improving cognitive function and modulation of autophagy. Taken together, our findings suggest that trehalose exerts similar effects to those of exercise in delaying age-related cognitive decline and that it may thus represent an exercise mimetic to delay brain aging.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10974061)
文摘In this paper, by means of the network equation and generalized dimensionless Floquet-Bloch theorem, we study the influences of the number of connected waveguide segments （NCWS） between adjacent nodes and the matching ratio of waveguide length （MRWL） on the photonic bands generated by quadrangular multiconnected networks （QMNs）, and obtain a series of formulae. It is found that multicombining networks （MCNs） and repetitive combining networks （RCNs） are equivalent to each other and they can all be simplified into the simplest fundamental combining systems. It would be useful for adjusting the number, widths, and positions of photonic bands, and would possess potential applications for the designing of all-optical devices and photonic network devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.11374107 and 10974061)
文摘In this paper, we investigate the optical transmission properties of perfect and defective two-segment-connected tri- angular waveguide networks （2SCTWNs） and find that after introducing defects in networks, many groups of transparent extreme narrow photonic passbands （ENPPs） will be created in the middle of the transmission spectra, the number for each group and the group number of ENPPs can he adjusted by the matching ratios of waveguide length （MRWLs）, the number of defects, and the number of unit cells of 2SCTWNs. The influences of MRWL, number of defects, and number of unit cells on the number, width, and position of these ENPPs are researched and a series of quantitative rules and prop- erties are obtained. It may be useful for the designing of high-sensitive optical switches, wavelength division multiplexers, extreme-narrowband filters, and other correlative waveguide network devices.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771500)。
文摘Exercise is recognized as an effective strategy to delay brain aging, which is related to the activation of autophagy. Trehalose is a natural compound that can activate autophagy and exert beneficial effects in delaying brain aging. In this study, we investigated whether trehalose may exert neuroprotection similar to those of exercise in delaying age-related cognitive decline. Fifteen-month-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent swim exercise and/or were treated with 2% trehalose for 12 weeks. Trehalose, exercise and the combination of exercise and trehalose intervention improved the learning and memory of aged mice. They also improved the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, the protein level of LC3-II, Bnip3L, and Parkin respectively. Additionally, both exercise and trehalose increased the phosphorylation of AMPK. Exercise decreased cortical phosphorylation of m TOR and S6k, whereas trehalose did not change these cortical levels. These data indicated that exercise and trehalose might modulate autophagy through m TOR-dependent or m TOR-independent pathways, respectively. However, a combination of exercise and trehalose did not play a synergistic role in improving cognitive function and modulation of autophagy. Taken together, our findings suggest that trehalose exerts similar effects to those of exercise in delaying age-related cognitive decline and that it may thus represent an exercise mimetic to delay brain aging.
