Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability challenges.These systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental management...Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability challenges.These systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental management.Existing outdoor systems equipped with energy harvesters and self-powered sensors often struggle with fluctuating energy sources,low durability under harsh conditions,non-transparent or non-biocompatible materials,and complex structures.Herein,a multifunctional hydrogel is developed,which can fulfill all the above requirements and build selfsustainable outdoor monitoring systems solely by it.It can serve as a stable energy harvester that continuously generates direct current output with an average power density of 1.9 W m^(-3)for nearly 60 days of operation in normal environments(24℃,60%RH),with an energy density of around 1.36×10^(7)J m^(-3).It also shows good self-recoverability in severe environments(45℃,30%RH)in nearly 40 days of continuous operation.Moreover,this hydrogel enables noninvasive and self-powered monitoring of leaf relative water content,providing critical data on evaluating plant health,previously obtainable only through invasive or high-power consumption methods.Its potential extends to acting as other self-powered environmental sensors.This multifunctional hydrogel enables self-sustainable outdoor systems with scalable and low-cost production,paving the way for future agriculture.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Platform for biomedical and Health Technology, NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute (RP-BHT-Prof. LEE Chengkuo)RIE Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Programmatic Grant (Grant A18A4b0055)+1 种基金RIE 2025-Industry Alignment Fund – Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP) (Grant I2301E0027)Reimagine Research Scheme projects, National University of Singapore, A-0009037-03-00 and A-0009454-01-00 and Reimagine Research Scheme projects, National University of Singapore, A-0004772-00-00 and A-0004772-01-00。
文摘Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability challenges.These systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental management.Existing outdoor systems equipped with energy harvesters and self-powered sensors often struggle with fluctuating energy sources,low durability under harsh conditions,non-transparent or non-biocompatible materials,and complex structures.Herein,a multifunctional hydrogel is developed,which can fulfill all the above requirements and build selfsustainable outdoor monitoring systems solely by it.It can serve as a stable energy harvester that continuously generates direct current output with an average power density of 1.9 W m^(-3)for nearly 60 days of operation in normal environments(24℃,60%RH),with an energy density of around 1.36×10^(7)J m^(-3).It also shows good self-recoverability in severe environments(45℃,30%RH)in nearly 40 days of continuous operation.Moreover,this hydrogel enables noninvasive and self-powered monitoring of leaf relative water content,providing critical data on evaluating plant health,previously obtainable only through invasive or high-power consumption methods.Its potential extends to acting as other self-powered environmental sensors.This multifunctional hydrogel enables self-sustainable outdoor systems with scalable and low-cost production,paving the way for future agriculture.
