Aflatoxins(AFTs)represent one of the most notorious classes of deadly mycotoxins produced by certain fungi that are found on agricultural crops.Aflatoxins are highly toxic to mammals and are known to cause a series of...Aflatoxins(AFTs)represent one of the most notorious classes of deadly mycotoxins produced by certain fungi that are found on agricultural crops.Aflatoxins are highly toxic to mammals and are known to cause a series of detrimental effects,including neuro-,hepato-,nephron-,and immuno-toxicity.In this original review we summarize the mechanisms of aflatoxin-induced neurotoxicity and the clinical potential of novel neuroprotective agents.Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)is the most toxic congener among the 21 identified AFTs.Recent studies have shown that food borne exposure to AFB1 and/or its metabolites often leads to fatal neurotoxicity in animals and humans.Animal studies indicated that AFB1 exposure could induce abnormal behavioral changes,including anxiety,lethargy disorders,depression-like behavior,cognitive,learning and memory defects,and decreased feeding behavior.Mechanistically,AFB1 exposure has been associated with lipid peroxidation,ablation of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems and decreased neurotransmitter levels.AFB1 exposure has also been shown to induce DNA damage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain tissue.Several signaling pathways,including gasdermin D,toll like receptor 2(TLR2),TLR4,Akt,NF-κB,ERK/MAPK,protein kinase C(PKC),and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways have been shown to participate in AFB1-induced neuronal or astrocyte cell death.Targeting these pathways by small molecules(e.g.,quercetin,curcumin,and gallic acid,and dimethyl fumarate),Chinese herbal extracts(e.g.,Artichoke leaf extract,Chelidonium majus ethanolic extract,pumpkin extract,and Crocus sativus L.tea),and probiotic supplements could effectively improve AFB1-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities and neurotoxicity.To date,the precise molecular mechanisms of AFB1-induced neurotoxicity and potential neuroprotective agents remain unclear.In the present review,the clinical manifestations,molecular mechanisms,and potential neuroprotective agents of AFB1-induced neurotoxicity are summarized in the broadest overview.It is most hopeful that this broad reaching review provides valuable insights and stimulates broader discussion to develop the effective neuroprotective agents against aflatoxins.展开更多
In order to investigate the frequent occurrences of rock burst in gob-side entry during the mining process of the mining zone No. 7, the mechanical model of main roof of fully-mechanized caving mining before breaking ...In order to investigate the frequent occurrences of rock burst in gob-side entry during the mining process of the mining zone No. 7, the mechanical model of main roof of fully-mechanized caving mining before breaking was established by the Winkler foundation beam theory, and the stress evolution law of surrounding rock with different dip angles of the seam during the mining process was analyzed by using FLAC3 D. The results show that: with the dip angle changing from 45° to 0°, the solid-coal side of gobside entry begins to form an L-shaped stress concentration zone at a dip angle of 30°, and the stress concentration degree goes to higher and higher levels. However, the stress concentration degree of the coalpillar side goes to lower and lower levels; the influence range and peak stress of the abutment at the lateral strata of adjacent gob increase with dip angle decreasing and reach a maximum value at a dip angle of 0°, but the tailgate is not affected; the abutment pressure superposition of two adjacent gobs leads to stress concentration further enhancing in both sides of gob-side entry. With the influence of strong mining disturbance, rock burst is easily induced by dynamic and static combined load in the advanced segment of gob-side entry. To achieve stability control similar to that in the roadway, the key control strategy is to reinforce surrounding rock and unload both sides. Accordingly, the large-diameter drilling and high-pressure water injection combined unloading and reinforced support cooperative control technology was proposed and applied in field test. The results of Electromagnetic Emission(EME) and field observation showed that unloading and surrounding rock control effect was obvious.展开更多
The mass attenuation coefficients(l/q) for different parts(root, flower, stem, and leaf) of three medicinal aromatic plants(Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. sinuatum,Rheum ribes, and Chrysophthalmum montanum) were measur...The mass attenuation coefficients(l/q) for different parts(root, flower, stem, and leaf) of three medicinal aromatic plants(Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. sinuatum,Rheum ribes, and Chrysophthalmum montanum) were measured using an ^(241)Am photon source in a stable geometry and calculated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System-extended(MCNPX) code and the WinXCOM program. The experimental and theoretical MCNPX and WinXCOM values exhibited good agreement.The measured mass attenuation coefficient values were then used to compute the effective atomic number(Z_(eff))and electron density(N_E) of the samples. The results reveal that S1-S(stem of Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. sinuatum) has the highest values of l/q and Zeff.展开更多
Diesel engine exhaust(DEE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for s...Diesel engine exhaust(DEE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for simultaneous sampling of DEE and crystalline silica in laboratory and field conditions.Laboratory tests evaluated the operation of pumps during 8 h sampling and the intensity of the flow variation for various filter loading conditions and for different modes of operation. Field validation was performed in an underground mine. Pumps operated in constant flow or constant pressure modes.Tests in constant flow mode showed that when the flowrate increased on one side of the system, it decreased on the opposite side according to the loading intensity. Tests in constant pressure mode showed that flowrates systematically decreased when using loaded cassettes. However, the higher the backpressure setting, the lower the flow variation was. Flow variations during field tests were generally within the acceptable ±5% range. However, significant flow variations were identified in higher concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between flowrate variation and total carbon concentration. While the majority of tests support the use of the dual-port for evaluating concomitant exposures, results highlight the possibility of filter overloading as a cause of flowrate changes.展开更多
Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ^(232)Th,^(238)U and ^(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45...Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ^(232)Th,^(238)U and ^(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ^(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ^(238)U and ^(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ^(232)Th,^(238)U and ^(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h^(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.展开更多
Exposure to diesel engine exhaust(DE) is a major concern in underground mines. It has been linked to cardiopulmonary diseases and is classified as a human carcinogen. The goal of this study is to assess DE exposures i...Exposure to diesel engine exhaust(DE) is a major concern in underground mines. It has been linked to cardiopulmonary diseases and is classified as a human carcinogen. The goal of this study is to assess DE exposures in workers at two underground gold mines, to compare exposure levels within and between the mines, and to compare different methods of measuring DE exposures, namely respirable combustible dust(RCD), elemental carbon(EC) and total carbon(TC). Ambient and personal breathing zone(PBZ) measurements were taken. Side-by-side monitoring of RCD and of the respirable fraction of EC and TC(EC_Rand TC_R) was carried out in the workers' breathing zone during full-shift work.Regarding ambient measurements, in addition to EC_R, TC_Rand RCD, a submicron aerosol fraction(less than 1 mm) of EC and TC was also sampled(EC_1and TC_1). Average ambient results of 240 mg/m^3 in RCD, 150 mg/m^3 in EC_Rand 210 mg/m^3 in TC_Rare obtained. Average PBZ results of 190 mg/m^3 in RCD,84 mg/m^3 in EC3Rand 150 mg/min TC_Rare obtained. Very good correlation is found between EC_Rand EC_1 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.99(p < 0.01) calculated between the two logtransformed concentrations. No differences are reported between EC_Rand EC_1, nor between TC_Rand TC_1, since ratios are equal to 1.04, close to 1, in both cases. Highest exposures are reported for loadhaul-dump(LHD) and jumbo drill operators and conventional miners. Significant exposure differences are reported between mines for truck and LHD operators(p < 0.01). The average TC_R/EC_Rratio is 1.6 for PBZ results, and 1.3 for ambient results. The variability observed in the TC_R/EC_Rratio shows that interferences from non-diesel related organic carbon can skew the interpretation of results when relying only on TC data.展开更多
Obiective To explore an effective method of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus protein extraction suitable for two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） analysis. Methods The extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus wer...Obiective To explore an effective method of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus protein extraction suitable for two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） analysis. Methods The extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were prepared with Coca＇s solution, lysis buffer of 2-DE, and Trizol reagent, respectively. Bicinchoninic acid （BCA） assay was used to determine the total protein concentration of the samples. The efficiency of different protein extraction methods were evaluated with 2-DE analysis. Results The concentrations of extracted protein by methods of Coca＇s solution, lysis buffer, and Trizol reagent were 0.63 g/L, 0.90 g/L, and 0.80 g/L, respectively. The 2-DE analysis results showed that some protein spots in low molecular weight （LMW） range could be detected with the Coca＇s solution method. With the lysis buffer of 2-DE method, more protein spots in LMW range could be detected, while the medium molecular weight （MMW） protein spots were absent. Several MMW protein spots （174-178 kD and 133 kD） and more LMW protein spots were detected withTrizol reagent method. Conclusions Among Coca＇s solution, lysis buffer of 2-DE, and Trizol reagent, the concentration of extracted protein of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by lysis buffer of 2-DE is the highest. However, most protein components of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus purified mite bodies can be extracted by Trizol reagent, which may generally reflect the whole profile of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens.展开更多
Ammonia borane is widely used in most areas including fuel cell applications.The present paper describes electrochemical behavior of ammonia borane in alkaline media on the poly(p-aminophenol) film modified with Au an...Ammonia borane is widely used in most areas including fuel cell applications.The present paper describes electrochemical behavior of ammonia borane in alkaline media on the poly(p-aminophenol) film modified with Au and Ag bimetallic nanoparticles.The glassy carbon electrode was firstly covered with polymeric film electrochemically and then,Au,Ag,and Au–Ag nanoparticles were deposited on the polymeric film,respectively.The surface morphology and chemical composition of these electrodes were examined by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.It was found that alloyed Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles are formed.Electrochemical measurements indicate that the developed electrode modified by Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit the highest electrocatalytic activity for ammonia borane oxidation in alkaline media.The rotating disk electrode voltammetry demonstrates that the developed electrode can catalyze almost six-electron oxidation pathway of ammonia borane.Our results may be attractive for anode materials of ammonia borane fuel cells under alkaline conditions.展开更多
基金funded by the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NT2021006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102724)Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(PC2023A01002).
文摘Aflatoxins(AFTs)represent one of the most notorious classes of deadly mycotoxins produced by certain fungi that are found on agricultural crops.Aflatoxins are highly toxic to mammals and are known to cause a series of detrimental effects,including neuro-,hepato-,nephron-,and immuno-toxicity.In this original review we summarize the mechanisms of aflatoxin-induced neurotoxicity and the clinical potential of novel neuroprotective agents.Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)is the most toxic congener among the 21 identified AFTs.Recent studies have shown that food borne exposure to AFB1 and/or its metabolites often leads to fatal neurotoxicity in animals and humans.Animal studies indicated that AFB1 exposure could induce abnormal behavioral changes,including anxiety,lethargy disorders,depression-like behavior,cognitive,learning and memory defects,and decreased feeding behavior.Mechanistically,AFB1 exposure has been associated with lipid peroxidation,ablation of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems and decreased neurotransmitter levels.AFB1 exposure has also been shown to induce DNA damage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain tissue.Several signaling pathways,including gasdermin D,toll like receptor 2(TLR2),TLR4,Akt,NF-κB,ERK/MAPK,protein kinase C(PKC),and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways have been shown to participate in AFB1-induced neuronal or astrocyte cell death.Targeting these pathways by small molecules(e.g.,quercetin,curcumin,and gallic acid,and dimethyl fumarate),Chinese herbal extracts(e.g.,Artichoke leaf extract,Chelidonium majus ethanolic extract,pumpkin extract,and Crocus sativus L.tea),and probiotic supplements could effectively improve AFB1-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities and neurotoxicity.To date,the precise molecular mechanisms of AFB1-induced neurotoxicity and potential neuroprotective agents remain unclear.In the present review,the clinical manifestations,molecular mechanisms,and potential neuroprotective agents of AFB1-induced neurotoxicity are summarized in the broadest overview.It is most hopeful that this broad reaching review provides valuable insights and stimulates broader discussion to develop the effective neuroprotective agents against aflatoxins.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51634001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51404269 and 51674253)+1 种基金the State Key Research Development Program of China (No.2016YFC0801403)the Key Research Development Program of Jiangsu Province,China (No.BE2015040)
文摘In order to investigate the frequent occurrences of rock burst in gob-side entry during the mining process of the mining zone No. 7, the mechanical model of main roof of fully-mechanized caving mining before breaking was established by the Winkler foundation beam theory, and the stress evolution law of surrounding rock with different dip angles of the seam during the mining process was analyzed by using FLAC3 D. The results show that: with the dip angle changing from 45° to 0°, the solid-coal side of gobside entry begins to form an L-shaped stress concentration zone at a dip angle of 30°, and the stress concentration degree goes to higher and higher levels. However, the stress concentration degree of the coalpillar side goes to lower and lower levels; the influence range and peak stress of the abutment at the lateral strata of adjacent gob increase with dip angle decreasing and reach a maximum value at a dip angle of 0°, but the tailgate is not affected; the abutment pressure superposition of two adjacent gobs leads to stress concentration further enhancing in both sides of gob-side entry. With the influence of strong mining disturbance, rock burst is easily induced by dynamic and static combined load in the advanced segment of gob-side entry. To achieve stability control similar to that in the roadway, the key control strategy is to reinforce surrounding rock and unload both sides. Accordingly, the large-diameter drilling and high-pressure water injection combined unloading and reinforced support cooperative control technology was proposed and applied in field test. The results of Electromagnetic Emission(EME) and field observation showed that unloading and surrounding rock control effect was obvious.
文摘The mass attenuation coefficients(l/q) for different parts(root, flower, stem, and leaf) of three medicinal aromatic plants(Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. sinuatum,Rheum ribes, and Chrysophthalmum montanum) were measured using an ^(241)Am photon source in a stable geometry and calculated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System-extended(MCNPX) code and the WinXCOM program. The experimental and theoretical MCNPX and WinXCOM values exhibited good agreement.The measured mass attenuation coefficient values were then used to compute the effective atomic number(Z_(eff))and electron density(N_E) of the samples. The results reveal that S1-S(stem of Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. sinuatum) has the highest values of l/q and Zeff.
基金financially supported by the Fonds de recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies (No. RQT00043)
文摘Diesel engine exhaust(DEE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for simultaneous sampling of DEE and crystalline silica in laboratory and field conditions.Laboratory tests evaluated the operation of pumps during 8 h sampling and the intensity of the flow variation for various filter loading conditions and for different modes of operation. Field validation was performed in an underground mine. Pumps operated in constant flow or constant pressure modes.Tests in constant flow mode showed that when the flowrate increased on one side of the system, it decreased on the opposite side according to the loading intensity. Tests in constant pressure mode showed that flowrates systematically decreased when using loaded cassettes. However, the higher the backpressure setting, the lower the flow variation was. Flow variations during field tests were generally within the acceptable ±5% range. However, significant flow variations were identified in higher concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between flowrate variation and total carbon concentration. While the majority of tests support the use of the dual-port for evaluating concomitant exposures, results highlight the possibility of filter overloading as a cause of flowrate changes.
文摘Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ^(232)Th,^(238)U and ^(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ^(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ^(238)U and ^(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ^(232)Th,^(238)U and ^(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h^(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.
基金financially supported by the Fonds de recherche du Québec Nature et technologies (FRQNT)
文摘Exposure to diesel engine exhaust(DE) is a major concern in underground mines. It has been linked to cardiopulmonary diseases and is classified as a human carcinogen. The goal of this study is to assess DE exposures in workers at two underground gold mines, to compare exposure levels within and between the mines, and to compare different methods of measuring DE exposures, namely respirable combustible dust(RCD), elemental carbon(EC) and total carbon(TC). Ambient and personal breathing zone(PBZ) measurements were taken. Side-by-side monitoring of RCD and of the respirable fraction of EC and TC(EC_Rand TC_R) was carried out in the workers' breathing zone during full-shift work.Regarding ambient measurements, in addition to EC_R, TC_Rand RCD, a submicron aerosol fraction(less than 1 mm) of EC and TC was also sampled(EC_1and TC_1). Average ambient results of 240 mg/m^3 in RCD, 150 mg/m^3 in EC_Rand 210 mg/m^3 in TC_Rare obtained. Average PBZ results of 190 mg/m^3 in RCD,84 mg/m^3 in EC3Rand 150 mg/min TC_Rare obtained. Very good correlation is found between EC_Rand EC_1 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.99(p < 0.01) calculated between the two logtransformed concentrations. No differences are reported between EC_Rand EC_1, nor between TC_Rand TC_1, since ratios are equal to 1.04, close to 1, in both cases. Highest exposures are reported for loadhaul-dump(LHD) and jumbo drill operators and conventional miners. Significant exposure differences are reported between mines for truck and LHD operators(p < 0.01). The average TC_R/EC_Rratio is 1.6 for PBZ results, and 1.3 for ambient results. The variability observed in the TC_R/EC_Rratio shows that interferences from non-diesel related organic carbon can skew the interpretation of results when relying only on TC data.
基金Supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2008BAI59B04, 2003AA2Z3502)National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671943)
文摘Obiective To explore an effective method of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus protein extraction suitable for two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） analysis. Methods The extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were prepared with Coca＇s solution, lysis buffer of 2-DE, and Trizol reagent, respectively. Bicinchoninic acid （BCA） assay was used to determine the total protein concentration of the samples. The efficiency of different protein extraction methods were evaluated with 2-DE analysis. Results The concentrations of extracted protein by methods of Coca＇s solution, lysis buffer, and Trizol reagent were 0.63 g/L, 0.90 g/L, and 0.80 g/L, respectively. The 2-DE analysis results showed that some protein spots in low molecular weight （LMW） range could be detected with the Coca＇s solution method. With the lysis buffer of 2-DE method, more protein spots in LMW range could be detected, while the medium molecular weight （MMW） protein spots were absent. Several MMW protein spots （174-178 kD and 133 kD） and more LMW protein spots were detected withTrizol reagent method. Conclusions Among Coca＇s solution, lysis buffer of 2-DE, and Trizol reagent, the concentration of extracted protein of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by lysis buffer of 2-DE is the highest. However, most protein components of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus purified mite bodies can be extracted by Trizol reagent, which may generally reflect the whole profile of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey(TUBITAK) with 110T806 project numberEBILTEM with BIL-012 project numberEge University Research Funds(BAP project,10 FEN/075)
文摘Ammonia borane is widely used in most areas including fuel cell applications.The present paper describes electrochemical behavior of ammonia borane in alkaline media on the poly(p-aminophenol) film modified with Au and Ag bimetallic nanoparticles.The glassy carbon electrode was firstly covered with polymeric film electrochemically and then,Au,Ag,and Au–Ag nanoparticles were deposited on the polymeric film,respectively.The surface morphology and chemical composition of these electrodes were examined by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.It was found that alloyed Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles are formed.Electrochemical measurements indicate that the developed electrode modified by Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit the highest electrocatalytic activity for ammonia borane oxidation in alkaline media.The rotating disk electrode voltammetry demonstrates that the developed electrode can catalyze almost six-electron oxidation pathway of ammonia borane.Our results may be attractive for anode materials of ammonia borane fuel cells under alkaline conditions.
