Tsingtao was not only the most important military point of the US in the Eastern Asia Mainland after WWII,but also the frontline resisting Soviet army located in Lvda. After the CCP controlled Shandong peninsula,the A...Tsingtao was not only the most important military point of the US in the Eastern Asia Mainland after WWII,but also the frontline resisting Soviet army located in Lvda. After the CCP controlled Shandong peninsula,the American force in Tsingtao depended on a thread. However,not only considering the harm of American withdrawing to the face of the US and the moral of KMT,but also for preserving American's interest in Tsingtao,American government did not immediately withdraw its force,but hesitated. The Military and the State Council could not reach agreement on this issue. The instructions to the American force in Tsingtao changed frequently. The withdrawing of the KMT Navy Training Base offered the excuse for American's withdrawing without losing face,and America began to reduce the military force in Tsingtao. But American did not completely withdraw the military force until the PLA seized hold of Nanking and Shanghai.展开更多
Introduction:Patients with pain contribute to 60%-70% of emergency department(ED)attendance and the tramadol is among analgesic of choice in ED.However,the use of intravenous tramadol is limited to moderate pain inten...Introduction:Patients with pain contribute to 60%-70% of emergency department(ED)attendance and the tramadol is among analgesic of choice in ED.However,the use of intravenous tramadol is limited to moderate pain intensity because of its weak opiod agonist properties.We conducted a study to examine the effectiveness of intravenous tramadol among patients who suffer from severe traumatic pain.Methodology:In this prospective study,eligible patients received a loading dose of intravenous tramadol(2mg/kg).If visual analogue score(VAS)more than 30 mm after the loading dose,intermittent bolus intravenous tramadol 20mg will be administered every 10 minutes.At 30 minutes of study,rescue medication(i.e.morphine or pethidine)will be provided to those patients with VAS more than 30 mm.VAS score,vital signs and side effects were recorded for every 10 minutesResults:Forty-seven patients who suffered from fracture and soft tissue injury were analysed.The median VAS score on presentation and at 30 minutes was 90 mm 20 mm respectively.The median total dose of IV tramadol received by the patients at 30 minutes was 150 mg(IQR=34.0).There was a significant change in medium pain score at 10,20 and 30 minutes treatment(P<0.001).Vital signs were within normal range throughout the study period.About 66.1% of them had side effects of tramadol.The common side effects were sleepiness(75.0%)and dizziness(56.3%).Conclusion:The intravenous tramadol is a safe and effective analgesia in severe traumatic patients if an initial and intermittent dose is given adequately.展开更多
目的分别探究焦虑、抑郁、神经质等3种负面情绪与复发性流产之间的因果关系。方法利用全基因组关联研究数据提取与焦虑、抑郁、神经质密切相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,分别利用逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法...目的分别探究焦虑、抑郁、神经质等3种负面情绪与复发性流产之间的因果关系。方法利用全基因组关联研究数据提取与焦虑、抑郁、神经质密切相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,分别利用逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法进行孟德尔随机化分析,评价焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产之间的因果效应,并进行异质性、基因多效性与敏感性分析。结果从全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据中提取共46个SNPs作为工具变量(焦虑数据5个,抑郁数据9个,神经质数据32个),经逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法计算OR值与95%CI,焦虑数据结果分别为1.07(0.86~1.32)、1.10(0.85~1.43)、1.14(0.81~1.59)、1.18(0.53~2.61),抑郁数据结果分别为1.11(0.93~1.32)、1.05(0.83~1.32)、0.96(0.67~1.38)、0.57(0.25~1.31),神经质数据结果分别为1.01(0.75~1.36)、1.07(0.73~1.56)、1.02(0.49~2.12)、2.40(0.46~12.44),上述因果分析均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);经可靠性分析,异质性评价Cochran’sQ检验差异不具有显著性(P均>0.05),基因多效性评价MR-Egger回归截距均接近于0(P均>0.05),敏感性评价留一法检验后合并因果效应值相近。结论焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产之间不存在因果关联,可靠性检验提示结果相对稳健。展开更多
文摘Tsingtao was not only the most important military point of the US in the Eastern Asia Mainland after WWII,but also the frontline resisting Soviet army located in Lvda. After the CCP controlled Shandong peninsula,the American force in Tsingtao depended on a thread. However,not only considering the harm of American withdrawing to the face of the US and the moral of KMT,but also for preserving American's interest in Tsingtao,American government did not immediately withdraw its force,but hesitated. The Military and the State Council could not reach agreement on this issue. The instructions to the American force in Tsingtao changed frequently. The withdrawing of the KMT Navy Training Base offered the excuse for American's withdrawing without losing face,and America began to reduce the military force in Tsingtao. But American did not completely withdraw the military force until the PLA seized hold of Nanking and Shanghai.
文摘Introduction:Patients with pain contribute to 60%-70% of emergency department(ED)attendance and the tramadol is among analgesic of choice in ED.However,the use of intravenous tramadol is limited to moderate pain intensity because of its weak opiod agonist properties.We conducted a study to examine the effectiveness of intravenous tramadol among patients who suffer from severe traumatic pain.Methodology:In this prospective study,eligible patients received a loading dose of intravenous tramadol(2mg/kg).If visual analogue score(VAS)more than 30 mm after the loading dose,intermittent bolus intravenous tramadol 20mg will be administered every 10 minutes.At 30 minutes of study,rescue medication(i.e.morphine or pethidine)will be provided to those patients with VAS more than 30 mm.VAS score,vital signs and side effects were recorded for every 10 minutesResults:Forty-seven patients who suffered from fracture and soft tissue injury were analysed.The median VAS score on presentation and at 30 minutes was 90 mm 20 mm respectively.The median total dose of IV tramadol received by the patients at 30 minutes was 150 mg(IQR=34.0).There was a significant change in medium pain score at 10,20 and 30 minutes treatment(P<0.001).Vital signs were within normal range throughout the study period.About 66.1% of them had side effects of tramadol.The common side effects were sleepiness(75.0%)and dizziness(56.3%).Conclusion:The intravenous tramadol is a safe and effective analgesia in severe traumatic patients if an initial and intermittent dose is given adequately.
文摘目的分别探究焦虑、抑郁、神经质等3种负面情绪与复发性流产之间的因果关系。方法利用全基因组关联研究数据提取与焦虑、抑郁、神经质密切相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,分别利用逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法进行孟德尔随机化分析,评价焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产之间的因果效应,并进行异质性、基因多效性与敏感性分析。结果从全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据中提取共46个SNPs作为工具变量(焦虑数据5个,抑郁数据9个,神经质数据32个),经逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、加权众数法及MR-Egger回归法计算OR值与95%CI,焦虑数据结果分别为1.07(0.86~1.32)、1.10(0.85~1.43)、1.14(0.81~1.59)、1.18(0.53~2.61),抑郁数据结果分别为1.11(0.93~1.32)、1.05(0.83~1.32)、0.96(0.67~1.38)、0.57(0.25~1.31),神经质数据结果分别为1.01(0.75~1.36)、1.07(0.73~1.56)、1.02(0.49~2.12)、2.40(0.46~12.44),上述因果分析均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);经可靠性分析,异质性评价Cochran’sQ检验差异不具有显著性(P均>0.05),基因多效性评价MR-Egger回归截距均接近于0(P均>0.05),敏感性评价留一法检验后合并因果效应值相近。结论焦虑、抑郁、神经质与复发性流产之间不存在因果关联,可靠性检验提示结果相对稳健。
