Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neu...Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neural circuit tracing.Anterograde labeling was achieved by injecting anterograde self-complementary adeno-associated viruses(scAAVs)into the IC.Retrograde tracing involved NTS injections of either retrograde scAAVs or FluoroGold(FG),combined with immunofluorescence histochemical staining to identify IC-originating projection neurons.For postsynaptic neurochemical phenotype characterization,IC was injected with AAV2/1-CaMKII-Cre,while a mixture of AAV2/9-Syn-DIO-mCherry and AAV2/9-VGAT1-EGFP was injected into the NTS.The rats were allowed to survive for one week following scAAVs or FG injection or four weeks after recombinase-dependent systems injection.Then the rats were sacrificed,and serial brain sections were prepared for immunofluorescence histochemical staining(brain section containing FG)and subsequent fluorescence/confocal microscopic analysis.Results:(1)Anterograde viral tracing re-vealed dense axonal terminals from the IC projecting to the medial subnucleus of the NTS,while retrograde tracing re-vealed that IC neurons projecting to the NTS were predominantly localized within the dysgranular layer;(2)IC-NTS projection neurons were exclusive glutamatergic(100%,n=3);(3)NTS neurons receiving IC inputs were mainly lo-calized in the medial subnucleus,and were predominantly GABAergic(79.8±3.2%,n=3).Conclusion:The pres-ent results indicate that a descending pathway from excitatory neurons of the IC terminates onto inhibitory neurons of the NTS,which might represent a potential neuromodulatory target for visceral pain disorders.展开更多
Objective:Existing research shows that psychotherapists may experience secondary trauma and burnout,often neglecting self-care.This study aims to examine the effectiveness of self-care education in enhancing self-care...Objective:Existing research shows that psychotherapists may experience secondary trauma and burnout,often neglecting self-care.This study aims to examine the effectiveness of self-care education in enhancing self-care efficacy among psychotherapists and explore factors affecting improvements in their self-care abilities.Methods:A self-care workshop was conducted for 159 psychotherapists from various fields.Participants’demographic information and self-care ability data were collected.The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA)was used to assess the participant’s self-care levels before and after the workshop.Results:Post-workshop,ESCA total scores and subscale scores of participants showed significant increases(all P<0.001).Notably,score improvement levels differed by gender and years of practice,with female therapists showing greater improvement than male therapists(t=2.069,P=0.040)and those with longer work experience showing greater improvement than those with shorter experience(F=2.537,P=0.042).Conclusion:Providing self-care education for psychotherapists is essential.Future self care education programs or interventions for psychotherapists should consider gender and work experience factors to better support their self-care enhancement.展开更多
文摘Objective:To anatomically and phenotypically characterize the insular cortex(IC)-nucleus tractus soli-tari(NTS)neural pathway.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental cohorts for neural circuit tracing.Anterograde labeling was achieved by injecting anterograde self-complementary adeno-associated viruses(scAAVs)into the IC.Retrograde tracing involved NTS injections of either retrograde scAAVs or FluoroGold(FG),combined with immunofluorescence histochemical staining to identify IC-originating projection neurons.For postsynaptic neurochemical phenotype characterization,IC was injected with AAV2/1-CaMKII-Cre,while a mixture of AAV2/9-Syn-DIO-mCherry and AAV2/9-VGAT1-EGFP was injected into the NTS.The rats were allowed to survive for one week following scAAVs or FG injection or four weeks after recombinase-dependent systems injection.Then the rats were sacrificed,and serial brain sections were prepared for immunofluorescence histochemical staining(brain section containing FG)and subsequent fluorescence/confocal microscopic analysis.Results:(1)Anterograde viral tracing re-vealed dense axonal terminals from the IC projecting to the medial subnucleus of the NTS,while retrograde tracing re-vealed that IC neurons projecting to the NTS were predominantly localized within the dysgranular layer;(2)IC-NTS projection neurons were exclusive glutamatergic(100%,n=3);(3)NTS neurons receiving IC inputs were mainly lo-calized in the medial subnucleus,and were predominantly GABAergic(79.8±3.2%,n=3).Conclusion:The pres-ent results indicate that a descending pathway from excitatory neurons of the IC terminates onto inhibitory neurons of the NTS,which might represent a potential neuromodulatory target for visceral pain disorders.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2023JJ60076).
文摘Objective:Existing research shows that psychotherapists may experience secondary trauma and burnout,often neglecting self-care.This study aims to examine the effectiveness of self-care education in enhancing self-care efficacy among psychotherapists and explore factors affecting improvements in their self-care abilities.Methods:A self-care workshop was conducted for 159 psychotherapists from various fields.Participants’demographic information and self-care ability data were collected.The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale(ESCA)was used to assess the participant’s self-care levels before and after the workshop.Results:Post-workshop,ESCA total scores and subscale scores of participants showed significant increases(all P<0.001).Notably,score improvement levels differed by gender and years of practice,with female therapists showing greater improvement than male therapists(t=2.069,P=0.040)and those with longer work experience showing greater improvement than those with shorter experience(F=2.537,P=0.042).Conclusion:Providing self-care education for psychotherapists is essential.Future self care education programs or interventions for psychotherapists should consider gender and work experience factors to better support their self-care enhancement.
