Endothelial-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)is a biological process through which endothelial cells change their endothelial phenotype into a mesenchymal or myofibroblastic phenotype with the expression of mesenchymal ma...Endothelial-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)is a biological process through which endothelial cells change their endothelial phenotype into a mesenchymal or myofibroblastic phenotype with the expression of mesenchymal markers such asα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and vimentin.When the pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are exposed to hypoxia and inflammatory stimulation,vascular smooth muscle cells in the outer and middle membrane accumulate through EndMT process,leading to pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)/bone morphogentic protein(BMP)signaling pathways promote EndMT process by bone morphogentic protein receptor 2(BMPR2)gene mutation which up-regulates high mobility group protein A1(HMGA1)gene and contributes to protein expression such as Slug and Snail,thus resulting in PAH.In brief,TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways and related regulators play an important role in pulmonary vascular reconstruction and the formation of PAH.展开更多
文摘Endothelial-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)is a biological process through which endothelial cells change their endothelial phenotype into a mesenchymal or myofibroblastic phenotype with the expression of mesenchymal markers such asα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and vimentin.When the pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are exposed to hypoxia and inflammatory stimulation,vascular smooth muscle cells in the outer and middle membrane accumulate through EndMT process,leading to pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)/bone morphogentic protein(BMP)signaling pathways promote EndMT process by bone morphogentic protein receptor 2(BMPR2)gene mutation which up-regulates high mobility group protein A1(HMGA1)gene and contributes to protein expression such as Slug and Snail,thus resulting in PAH.In brief,TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways and related regulators play an important role in pulmonary vascular reconstruction and the formation of PAH.
